UGANDA: MUSEVENI YIHANANGIRIJE ABIMA ABANYARWANDA BO MURI UGANDA IBYANGOMBWA.
UGANDA: MUSEVENI YIHANANGIRIJE ABIMA ABANYARWANDA BO MURI UGANDA IBYANGOMBWA.
Perezida Yoweri Kaguta Museveni yihanangirije abima Abanyarwanda bo muri Uganda ibyangombwa, bitewe no gukomeza gushidikanya ku bwenegihugu bwabo mu buryo budafite ishingiro.
Itegeko Nshinga rya Uganda ryo mu mwaka wi 1995 ryemeza ko abantu bose batuye muri iki gihugu uhereye mu mwaka wi 1926 na mbere yaho ndetse n’abakivukiyemo ari abenegihugu.
Iri tegeko kandi ryemeza ko “Abanyarwanda” ari bumwe mu bwoko bwo muri Uganda kuko bwabaga muri iki gihugu mu mwaka wi 1926 na mbere yaho.
Perezida Yoweri Kaguta Museveni wa Uganda yihanangirije abayobozi n’inzego zishinzwe irangamimerere bashinja Abanyarwanda batuye muri Uganda ko ari abanyamahanga, bakabima ibyangombwa by’ubwenegihugu cyangwa ibindi byemewe n’amategeko, bitabanje gushingira ku byemezo bifatika.
Museveni yavuze ko hari bamwe bakomeje gushidikanya ku bwenegihugu bw’Abanyarwanda batuye muri Uganda, ariko ibyo nta shingiro bifite.
Yibukije ko Itegeko Nshinga rya Uganda ryo mu 1995 ryemera ko abantu bose batuye muri Uganda guhera mu 1926 cyangwa mbere yaho, ndetse n’abahavukiye, bafite uburenganzira ku bwenegihugu bwa Uganda.
Iryo tegeko rigaragaza ko “Abanyarwanda” ari bamwe mu moko (ethnic groups) ya Uganda, kuko babagamo kuva mbere ya 1926.
Icyo bivuze:
Abanyarwanda baba muri Uganda bamaze igihe kirekire bagize igihugu, kandi amategeko ya Uganda arabemera nk’abagituye byemewe n’amategeko.
Kubima ibyangombwa, nk’indangamuntu, pasiporo, cyangwa uburenganzira bwo gutora n’ubundi, ni uguhonyora Itegeko Nshinga.
Perezida Museveni yasabye guhagarika ako karengane no kumenya amateka y’imiturire y’abantu muri Uganda.
Museveni aragaragaza ko kwima Abanyarwanda bo muri Uganda ibyangombwa by’ubwenegihugu bidakwiriye kandi binyuranyije n’itegeko nshinga rya Uganda, bityo abasaba kubaha uburenganzira bwabo nk’abandi baturage.
Ibi bigamije guca ivangura n’akarengane, no kongera kwubaka ubumwe n’ubwizerane mu mibanire y’Abanyarwanda n’Abanya-Uganda.
Ni kenshi abavuga ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda bagiye bahohoterwa mu bihugu bituranye n’u Rwanda, hakitwazwa ko atari abenegihugu b’ibyo bihugu kandi ibyo bihugu byarabayeho abavuga ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda babituyemo.
Ikibazo cy’ihohoterwa cyangwa ivangura rikorerwa abavuga Ikinyarwanda mu bihugu bimwe byo mu karere ni ikibazo gifite imizi miremire kandi cyakomeje kugaruka mu mateka y’akarere k’ibiyaga bigari.
Impamvu n’inyito:
Akenshi, abavuga Ikinyarwanda baba mu bihugu nka Uganda, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), u Burundi, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no muri Tanzaniya, bagiye bafatwa nk’abanyamahanga, nyamara benshi muri bo bahatuye kuva mbere y’uko ibyo bihugu bigira imbibi nk’uko tuzizi ubu.
Icyo kibazo gikunze gufata isura ya politiki, aho umuntu ashingirwa ku rurimi cyangwa inkomoko ye, ntahabwe ubwenegihugu cyangwa uburenganzira nk’abandi.
Amateka agaragaza ko Ikinyarwanda cyatangiye kuvugwa kera mu bihugu bitandukanye:
Mu Rwanda ni ho gishingiye, ariko mu bice bya Uganda (nk’i Kisoro, Kabale) hari Abanyarwanda bahatuye kuva kera, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’ubukoloni (abagiye guhinga, abajyanyweyo n’abakoloni).
Mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo (Kivu, Masisi, Rutshuru, Minembwe…): hariyo amoko nka Banyamulenge, Banyarwanda, Bakiga, n’abandi, bamwe muri bo bafite inkomoko mu Rwanda ariko bamaze ibisekuru byinshi batuye muri Congo.
Abavuga Ikinyarwanda bagiye bahinduka “ikibazo” cya politiki, bashinjwa kuba intasi, abashyigikiye u Rwanda, cyangwa abanyamahanga, kandi amategeko mpuzamahanga asaba ko umuntu atavanwaho ubwenegihugu kubera inkomoko y’ururimi.
Ibi byagaragaye mu bihe:
By’intambara za Congo (1996–2003), aho Abanyarwanda (n’abavuga Ikinyarwanda muri rusange) babaye intandaro y’ivangura n’ihohoterwa rikabije.
Muri Uganda, abavuga Ikinyarwanda bamwe bimwe ibyangombwa, pasiporo, cyangwa uburenganzira ku butaka.
Inkomoko y’ikibazo:
Ivangura rishingiye ku ndimi n’inkomoko (ethnic politics).
Ubukoloni bwagize uruhare mu gutatanya imiryango no guha abaturage ibisobanuro bishingiye ku moko cyangwa imipaka idahwitse.
Kutagira amategeko akomeye arengera abimukira b’igihe kirekire cyangwa abaturage b’abasanzwe batemerewe ubwenegihugu, nyamara baho bavukiye.
Icyifuzo cyubaka:
Guharanira ko ururimi rudahinduka intwaro yo kubangamira uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Gusaba Leta z’ibihugu byo mu karere gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira bw’imiryango n’abimukira.
Gukomeza ubuvugizi buharanira uburenganzira bw’abantu bavukiye cyangwa bamaze imyaka myinshi batuye mu gihugu runaka, kabone n’iyo baba bavuga ururimi ruri hanze y’urwa “kimeza”.
Kuvuga Ikinyarwanda ntibikwiye kuba impamvu yo kwamburwa uburenganzira bwa muntu. Buri gihugu gikwiye gushyira imbere amateka n’ukuri ku buture bw’abantu aho gukomeza gushyira imbere impamvu za politiki z’urwango n’ivangura.
Akarere kacu kazagira amahoro nyayo ari uko twubaha uburenganzira bwa buri wese, hatitawe ku rurimi cyangwa inkomoko ye.
Kuki mu bihugu byateye imbere abanyamahanga bahabwa ubwenegihugu bw’ibyo bihugu mu buryo bworoshye hatitawe ku rurimi bavuga, ariko ugasanga muri afurika hari ibihugu byirukana abaturage babyo bibaziza ko bavuga ikinyarwanda kandi bamwe mu birukana abo bita abanyarwanda barageze muri ibyo bihugu nyuma y’abo bita abanyarwanda?
Dore ibisobanuro bifatika by’impamvu mu bihugu byateye imbere abimukira bahabwa ubwenegihugu byoroshye, naho muri bimwe mu bihugu bya Afurika abantu birukanwa ku butaka bwababyaye bazizwa gusa ko bavuga Ikinyarwanda:
- Mu bihugu byateye imbere (nk’ i Burayi, Amerika, Canada, n’ahandi):
Ubwenegihugu bushingiye ku buture (territorial citizenship):
Benshi baha ubwenegihugu bushingiye ku kuba umuntu yaravukiye cyangwa akamara igihe runaka atuye mu gihugu. Ntabwo bareba cyane ururimi avuga cyangwa inkomoko ye.
Umwana uvukiye muri Amerika, Canada, n’ahandi, ahita aba umwenegihugu, kabone n’iyo ababyeyi be baba ari abimukira b’igihe gito.
Impamvu ibi bikunda gukunda:
Ibihugu bikize bikenera abakozi b’imirimo itandukanye, bityo gutanga ubwenegihugu bifatwa nk’uburyo bwo kwagura ubukungu.
Hari amategeko n’inzego zikomeye zishinzwe kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Politiki zitarimo inzigo z’amoko, ahubwo bareba uruhare umuntu ashobora kugira mu gihugu.
- Ariko muri Afurika: amateka y’ubukoloni n’ivangura biracyayoboye
Amateka y’ubukoloni yasize ibibazo bikomeye:
Abakoloni bashyize abantu mu byiciro by’amoko, barabateranya, babaha ibirangamimerere bishingiye ku bwoko cyangwa inkomoko.
Imipaka yashyizweho n’abakoloni, ititaye ku bwoko cyangwa indimi z’abantu, yatumye abakomoka hamwe batandukanywa, abandi bahuzwa badafitanye isano.
Ibihugu bimwe bya Afurika byubatse ubwenegihugu bushingiye ku moko cyangwa inkomoko (“ethnic citizenship”) aho kuba ku buture cyangwa uburere.
Umuntu ushobora kuba yaravukiye cyangwa yaratuye mu gihugu imyaka myinshi ariko akitirirwa “umunyamahanga” kuko avuga ururimi rutavugwa n’ubwoko bw’abari ku butegetsi.
Ikinyarwanda, kubera isano gikomeye n’u Rwanda, cyakunze kuba impamvu yo gushinjwa “ubunyarwanda” cyangwa “kwinjirira igihugu”, n’ubwo bamwe mu bacyirukanwa baba barahageze mbere y’abo babirukana.
Muri RDC, hari abavuga Ikinyarwanda barimo n’abitwa “Banyarwanda” cyangwa “Banyamulenge” babayeho kuva kera cyane, ariko bakomeje kwitwa abanyamahanga.
Bamwe mu babirukana cyangwa babashyiraho ibihano baba barahageze nyuma yabo (cyane cyane mu gihe cy’intambara zishingiye ku bukoloni cyangwa nyuma yazo).
Mu Burundi na Uganda, ikibazo cy’abavuga Ikinyarwanda nticyigeze gisobanurwa neza, kandi gikunze kuvangwa n’ibibazo bya politiki, aho umuntu ashobora kwamburwa uburenganzira kuko inkomoko ye ishobora gufatwa nk’ikibazo cy’umutekano.
Impamvu z’ingenzi z’iyo myitwarire muri Afurika:
Ubutegetsi bukunze gushingira ku moko n’udutsiko, aho ubwenegihugu buhabwa gusa abaturuka mu “bwoko bwemewe” cyangwa bufite ijambo muri Leta.
Kubura politiki isobanutse y’ubwenegihugu (citizenship laws) igaragaza neza uburenganzira bushingiye ku buture no ku gihe umuntu amaze atuye.
Ibitekerezo bya politiki bitinya ururimi runaka nk’igitera umutekano muke, aho ururimi (nk’ Ikinyarwanda) rwafatwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’umwanzi aho kuba isano.
Gukoresha ururimi cyangwa inkomoko nk’intwaro ya politiki: Abategetsi bamwe babeshya abaturage ko “abavuga ururimi runaka” bashaka kubambura igihugu.
Ikinyarwanda si icyaha. Kivugwa n’abaturage batandukanye bagiye bahatura mu buryo bw’amateka.
Kubona ubwenegihugu si impano, ni uburenganzira bw’abavukiye cyangwa bamaze igihe mu gihugu, iyo amategeko abashyigikiye.
Afurika ikeneye kongera gutekereza ku by’ubwenegihugu, kureka ivangura ry’amoko, no kwigira ku bihugu byateye imbere bigendera ku buringanire n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, aho ururimi rutaba intwaro yo kwambura umuntu agaciro ke.
Umuturage ntabwo aremwa n’amaraso gusa, ahubwo n’ubutaka, imyaka atuyeho, n’uruhare rwe mu kubaka igihugu.
