UBUSHAKASHATSI BWAGARAGAJE KO KUNYWA INZOGA, KABONE N’UBWO WABA UNYWA NKEYA, BISHOBORA GUTERA IKIBAZO

UBUSHAKASHATSI BWAGARAGAJE KO KUNYWA INZOGA, KABONE N’UBWO WABA UNYWA NKEYA, BISHOBORA GUTERA IKIBAZO

Mu gihe imyaka myinshi ishize byari bimenyerewe ko kunywa inzoga mu rugero bishobora kugira umumaro ku buzima bw’umuntu, cyane cyane ku bwonko, ubushakashatsi bushya bwasohowe n’Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Buzima bwo mu Mutwe cya Kaminuza ya Oxford mu Bwongereza bwahinduye isura y’iyi myumvire. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko n’ubwo wanywa inzoga nkeya cyane, bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo kwibagirwa, izwi nka dementia.

Ubwo bushakashatsi bwatangajwe ku wa 23 Nzeri 2025 mu kinyamakuru BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, kikaba kigaragaza inkuru zishingiye ku bushakashatsi ku buzima. Ibyavuyemo byatunguye benshi kuko bisenya imyumvire yari imaze imyaka myinshi yemerwa, yavugaga ko kunywa inzoga mu rugero (nko kunywa ibirahuri birindwi mu cyumweru) bishobora kuba byiza ku bwonko kurusha kutazinywa na gake.

Uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe

Umushakashatsi akaba n’umwanditsi mukuru, Dr. Anya Topiwala, ni umwe mu bahanga mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe muri Kaminuza ya Oxford. Yavuze ko ubu bushakashatsi bakoze bushingiye ku buryo bwiswe “Mendelian randomization”, uburyo bwifashishwa mu kureba ingaruka z’ibintu runaka ku turemangingo tw’umuntu hakoreshejwe amakuru y’imiterere y’imisokoro (genetics).

Iri gerageza ryakorewe ku bantu bagera ku 560,000 bo mu Bwongereza, Scotland na Wales ndetse n’abandi baturutse mu bice bitandukanye. Abashakashatsi basuzumye uko kunywa inzoga, haba nyinshi cyangwa nkeya, bishobora gutera kwangirika k’uturemangingo two mu bwonko bikaviramo dementia.

Dr. Topiwala yagize ati: “Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi twakoze byerekanye ko kunywa inzoga, izo ari zo zose, bishobora kukugiraho ingaruka kabone n’ubwo waba unywa nkeya cyane. Ibi bishobora kuba intangiriro y’indwara yo kwibagirwa (dementia).”

Gutandukanya ibitekerezo byari bisanzwe

Kuva kera, ubushakashatsi bwari bwaragiye bwerekana ko kunywa inzoga mu rugero bishobora kugira umumaro ku mikorere y’ubwonko ndetse bikarinda indwara zimwe na zimwe z’umutima. Ibi byatumaga hari abashishikarizwa kunywa byibuze “igikombe kimwe cy’inzoga” ku munsi, cyane cyane divayi y’umutuku, bivugwa ko irimo intungamubiri zituma amaraso atembera neza.

Nyamara, ubu bushakashatsi bushya buvuga ko ibyo byose byari imyumvire itarigeze ifatwa mu buryo buhamye, kuko nta buryo bwari bwakoreshejwe mu kumenya ukuri ku ngaruka z’igihe kirekire.

Icyo bivuze ku buzima bwa muntu

Dementia ni indwara igaragazwa n’uko umuntu atangira kwibagirwa ibintu byoroheje kugeza no ku bintu bikomeye, bigatuma bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwe bwa buri munsi. Nta muti wa burundu uyirwanya uraboneka, gusa hari imiti ikoreshwa igabanya ibimenyetso.

Uko inzoga zinyobwa, haba nyinshi cyangwa nkeya, ni ko zishobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw’ubwonko ku buryo butagaragara ako kanya ariko bukazamura ibyago byo gufatwa na dementia mu gihe kirekire.

Dr. Topiwala asobanura ko ubu bushakashatsi bugamije gufasha abantu gutangira gutekereza ku ngaruka zose zishobora guterwa n’inzoga. Ati:

“Ubu buryo bwo gusuzuma bwatweretse ko ari byiza gutangira gucika ku nzoga burundu, aho kwihutira kuvuga ko ‘ninywa gake nta kibazo’, kuko ingaruka ntizibura.”

Imibare n’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi

Abashakashatsi basanze abanywa inzoga byibuze rimwe mu cyumweru, ndetse no mu rugero ruto, bafite ibyago bingana na 15% byo kugira ibibazo by’ubwonko birimo dementia, ugereranyije n’abatanywa na gake cyangwa batigeze bazinywa.

Ku banywa cyane (banywa ibirahuri birenga 14 ku cyumweru), ibyago byo gufatwa na dementia byiyongeraga inshuro zigera kuri 2.

Nta tandukaniro rigaragara ryabonetse hagati y’abagabo n’abagore, ku buryo ingaruka zigaragara kuri bose ku rugero rumwe.

Uko abantu batandukanye bakiriye ubu bushakashatsi

Ubu bushakashatsi bwakuruye impaka ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Hari abavuga ko bugamije kwigisha abantu kudatekereza ko inzoga ari “umuti” cyangwa igikoresho cyo kurinda ubwonko, ahubwo ari ikintu gikwiye kwirindwa.

Abandi bavuga ko hakenewe ubushakashatsi burambuye ku bantu batandukanye ku Isi, kuko ubu bwibanze ku baturage bo mu Bwongereza na Scotland, bigatuma bitaba byoroshye kubwemeza nk’ukuri ku rwego mpuzamahanga.

Mu Rwanda, inzoga zinyobwa cyane mu bice by’imijyi no mu cyaro. Icyakora, hari n’ubukangurambaga buhoraho bwo kwigisha abaturage ku ngaruka zo kunywa inzoga nyinshi, cyane cyane ku buzima bw’impyiko, umutima no mu bwonko.

Abahanga mu buzima bwo mu Rwanda bavuga ko ubu bushakashatsi bushya bushobora kuba igikoresho cy’ingenzi mu gukomeza gukangurira abantu kugabanya inzoga, cyangwa se no kuzicikaho burundu.

Inama z’abahanga

Kureka inzoga burundu ni cyo gisubizo cya mbere cyiza ku buzima bw’ubwonko.

Kurya indyo yuzuye irimo imboga, imbuto n’ibinyampeke bigabanya ibibazo by’ubwonko.

Siporo no kugorora umubiri bifasha mu kongerera ubwonko imbaraga no kurinda kwibagirwa.

Kwirinda stress no kuruhuka bihagije nabyo byerekanywe nk’ibifasha mu kurinda dementia.

Ubu bushakashatsi bushya bwasohowe na BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine bwongeye kwerekana ko inzoga atari umuti, ahubwo ari ikibazo gishobora kuzana ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima. N’ubwo abantu benshi bumvaga ko kunywa gake ntacyo bitwaye, byagaragajwe ko n’iyo yaba nkeya cyane, zishobora kongera ibyago byo gufatwa na dementia.

Ibi bigomba gufatwa nk’ihurizo ku miryango n’inzego z’ubuzima ku Isi yose, kugira ngo hakomeze ubukangurambaga bwo kwigisha abantu ingaruka z’inzoga.

Dementia ni indwara ihenda kuyivura, ikomeretsa imiryango, kandi ikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu bw’igihugu. Kwirinda inzoga ni imwe mu nzira zoroheje zo kwirinda uru rwego rw’ingaruka.

Uko inzoga ari nke cyangwa nyinshi, zose ni ikibazo ku bwonko bwawe.