Nyuma y’i Kinshasa, Kigali na Nkamira, Umukuru wa HCR ku isi yerekeje i Goma guhura n’abayobozi ba M23

Nyuma y’i Kinshasa, Kigali na Nkamira, Umukuru wa HCR ku isi yerekeje i Goma guhura n’abayobozi ba M23

29 Kanama 2025

Nyuma y’uruzinduko rwe muri Kinshasa aho yahuye na Perezida Félix Tshisekedi, no muri Kigali aho yaganiriye na Perezida Paul Kagame, ndetse no gusura inkambi y’agateganyo ya Nkamira mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda, Filippo Grandi, Umukuru w’ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku mpunzi ku isi (HCR), yerekeje mu mujyi wa Goma, aho ategerejwe kugirana ibiganiro n’abayobozi bakuru b’umutwe w’inyeshyamba za AFC/M23.

Uru ruzinduko ruri mu rwego rwo gukomeza umushinga wo kugarura amahoro mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC), aho intambara imaze imyaka irenga makumyabiri ihitana ubuzima bw’abantu ibihumbi, abandi miliyoni nyinshi bagahunga. Kugeza ubu, ababarirwa muri miliyoni 6 ni impunzi cyangwa se abavuye mu byabo imbere mu gihugu, bakajya mu bwigunge bw’inkambi cyangwa mu migi ikikije Kivu.

Ibyo Filippo Grandi yavuze i Nkamira

Mu rugendo rwe mu Rwanda, Grandi yasuye inkambi ya Nkamira yakira impunzi z’Abanyekongo. Yahuye n’abagore, abana n’abasaza bavuye muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Epfo. Bamwe bamubwiye ko bamaze imyaka irenga 10 mu buhungiro, abandi bakaba ari impunzi nshya zaje mu mezi ashize.

“Icyo dukeneye si amafunguro gusa cyangwa imyambaro. Icyo dukeneye ni ugutaha iwacu, mu gihugu cyacu, mu ngo zacu, mu gihe cyose twaba dufite umutekano,” ni ko umwe mu mpunzi, witwa Claudine Mukamana, yabwiye Grandi imbere y’imbaga.

Grandi yunze mu ryabo, avuga ko HCR iri gukora ibishoboka byose mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’amahoro aherutse gushyirwaho umukono hagati ya Kinshasa n’u Rwanda, agamije gutuma intambara irangira burundu.

“Turashaka ko impunzi zitahuka ku bushake, mu cyubahiro, kandi mu mutekano usesuye. Niyo mpamvu turi hano, kugira ngo dufatanye n’impande zose zirebwa n’iki kibazo,” ni ko yabivuze.

Amasezerano y’i Washington DC

Mu mpera za Kamena uyu mwaka, mu mujyi wa Washington DC, habereye amasezerano akomeye hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC, yemejwe n’abahagarariye Amerika, Umuryango wa Afurika yunze ubumwe, ndetse n’indi miryango mpuzamahanga. Ayo masezerano ateganya ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi:

Itahuka ry’impunzi; impunzi z’Abanyekongo ziri mu Rwanda, Uganda na Zambia zemererwa gutaha ku bushake mu gihe umutekano waba wubahirijwe; kimwe n’abanyarwanda bahungiye muri Kongo.

Kurangiza intambara; ibiganiro hagati ya leta ya Kinshasa n’umutwe wa AFC/M23, bigamije gushyiraho inzira y’ishyirwa mu buzima busanzwe ry’abarwanyi ndetse no gushyira imbaraga mu bikorwa by’iterambere mu Burasirazuba bwa Kongo.

Aya masezerano yafatwa nk’intambwe ikomeye nyuma y’imyaka irenga ibiri habayeho ubwicanyi bukabije mu bice bya Rutshuru, Masisi na Nyiragongo.

Ibiganiro by’i Doha

Uretse amasezerano y’i Washington, ibiganiro by’i Doha muri Qatar byahuje abahagarariye Kinshasa n’umutwe wa M23. Nyuma y’ibyumweru byinshi by’imishyikirano, impande zombi zashyize umukono ku nyandiko y’amahame (principes) yerekana inzira yo kurangiza intambara.

Muri iyo nyandiko harimo ibintu by’ingenzi bikurikira:

Gusubiza abaturage mu byabo, abarenga miliyoni 2,5 bavuye mu byabo bazafashwa kugaruka mu ngo zabo.

Itahuka ry’impunzi; impunzi ziri mu bihugu bituranye na Kongo zizataha mu gihe umutekano ubonetse, zifashijwe na HCR.

Gushyira intwaro hasi; abarwanyi ba M23 bazinjizwa mu ngabo za Kongo cyangwa mu buzima busanzwe, hakurikijwe gahunda mpuzamahanga.

Kongera imiyoborere myiza; leta ya Kongo yiyemeje kongera kwita ku miyoborere n’imibereho y’abaturage bo mu burasirazuba.

I Goma:

Kuri uyu wa gatanu, Grandi yerekeje i Goma, umurwa mukuru wa Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, aho ategerejwe kugirana ibiganiro n’abayobozi ba M23.

Hari impungenge n’ibyishimo byivanze mu baturage. Bamwe bavuga ko bakira neza intambwe iyo ari yo yose iganisha ku mahoro, abandi bakibaza niba koko aya masezerano azashyirwa mu bikorwa cyangwa niba ari andi magambo gusa nk’uko byagiye bigenda mu myaka yashize.

Umwe mu baturage, witwa Jean-Marie Kanyere, yagize ati:

“Twumvise kenshi ko amahoro aje, ariko bukeye tukumva amasasu. Twizeye ko niba HCR yinjiye mu kibazo cyacu by’ukuri, ubu bizakunda. Ariko turi maso.”

Uruhare rw’u Rwanda

U Rwanda rugaragazwa nk’igihugu gifite uruhare rukomeye muri uru rugendo. Nyuma y’ibiganiro Kagame yagiranye na Grandi i Kigali, Ibiro bya Perezida byatangaje ko u Rwanda “rwiyemeje gufatanya mu gushaka ibisubizo bihamye ku kibazo cy’impunzi no mu bikorwa bigamije kugarura amahoro mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo.”

Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga w’u Rwanda, Dr. Vincent Biruta, yavuze ko ikibazo cy’impunzi kidakwiye gufatwa gusa nk’ikibazo cya politiki cyangwa umutekano, ahubwo ni “ikibazo cy’ubuzima bwa muntu n’inyungu rusange za Afurika yose.”

Umutwaro ku bihugu bituranyi

Abaturanyi ba Kongo barimo Uganda, u Rwanda na Tanzania bamaze imyaka myinshi bakira impunzi z’Abanyekongo. Inkambi ziruzuye, ubushobozi bw’ibihugu bugasa n’uburi mu marembera.

Umwe mu bakozi ba HCR i Kigali yabwiye ikinyamakuru cyacu ati:

“Iyo urebye mu nkambi nka Gihembe, Kiziba cyangwa Nkamira, usanga hari abana bavukiye mu buhungiro batazi iwabo. Ubu turi mu gihe gikomeye aho tugomba gushaka ibisubizo birambye. Bitabaye ibyo, aba bana bazakurira mu buhungiro, bigire ingaruka ku buzima bwabo no ku mahoro y’akarere.”

Guhangana n’ibibazo by’umutekano

N’ubwo impande zose zivuga ko zifuza amahoro, ikibazo cy’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo kiracyari ingorabahizi. Haracyari imitwe yitwaje intwaro irenga 120, irimo FDLR, Mai-Mai, ADF n’indi.

Umusesenguzi mu by’umutekano wo muri Kivu, Aimé Mukwege, avuga ko:

“Nta mahoro arambye azaboneka niba ikibazo cya FDLR kitavugutirwa umuti. Uwo mutwe umaze imyaka irenga 25 urwana mu mashyamba ya Kongo, ugakoresha abaturage nk’ingabo, ndetse ukaba ari wo usa n’urufatiro rw’imitwe myinshi. Hakenewe igisubizo mpuzamahanga, bitari ibyo kongera guhatira Kongo kurwana yonyine.”

Icyizere n’impungenge

N’ubwo hari intambwe ikomeye mu biganiro, benshi baracyafite impungenge. Umwe mu barwanyi ba kera ba M23, ubu uba i Kampala, yabwiye umunyamakuru wacu ko atizeye ko Kinshasa izubahiriza amasezerano.

“Twabikoze inshuro nyinshi. Dushyira intwaro hasi, tugategereza ko baduha imyanya mu gisirikare cyangwa mu miyoborere, hanyuma tukarindira imyaka idashira ntihagire igikorwa. Ni yo mpamvu benshi bakomeje urugamba. Ariko noneho, kuba HCR iri mu biganiro bitanga icyizere.”

U Rwanda na RDC: umubano mushya?

Amasezerano y’i Washington DC agaragaza intambwe nshya mu mubano hagati ya Kigali na Kinshasa. Nyuma y’imyaka y’ugutungana n’ibirego byo gushyigikirana imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ubu impande zombi zisa n’izifite ubushake bwo guharura inzira y’ubufatanye.

Perezida Kagame ubwo yavugaga kuri ayo masezerano yaragize ati:

“U Rwanda rugomba kugira uruhare mu gushaka amahoro arambye muri Kongo kuko ari byo bizatuma n’akarere kacu kaba mu mutekano. Ntituzashobora gutera imbere mu gihe inkambi z’impunzi zikomeje kuzura ku butaka bwacu.”

Na Perezida Tshisekedi, mu ijambo rye muri Kinshasa, yavuze ko “iyi ari intangiriro nshya hagati ya Kongo n’u Rwanda, aho ibyari intambara n’amagambo mabi bihinduka ubufatanye n’ubwubahane.”

Umuhate wa HCR

Filippo Grandi, umunyamuryango w’imyaka irenga 30 muri gahunda z’impunzi, avuga ko urugendo rwo gukemura ikibazo cy’impunzi z’AbanyeKongo ari rumwe mu “rw’ingenzi” akoranye na HCR.

Yavuze ko ku giti cye yifuza gusiga asize akemuye ikibazo cy’impunzi z’Abanyekongo.

“Ndashaka ko igihe tuzaba twibuka uyu mwaka wa 2025, uzaba uzwi nk’umwaka intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo wagiye kurangira, n’impunzi zatangiye gutaha. Nicyo cyifuzo cyanjye gikomeye.”

Uruzinduko rwa Filippo Grandi i Kinshasa, Kigali, Nkamira ndetse na Goma rugaragaza ko ikibazo cy’impunzi z’Abanye-Congo cyamaze kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru rw’isi. Nta muntu ugikwiriye kugihisha cyangwa kukibona nk’akarere gato ka Afurika.

N’ubwo hari intambwe ikomeye mu biganiro, urugendo ruracyari rurerure. Ariko muri iki gihe, ijambo “amahoro” riravugwa cyane kurusha “intambara”. Abaturage b’i Goma, impunzi za Nkamira, abategetsi b’i Kigali na Kinshasa bose bahuriza ku kintu kimwe: icyifuzo cy’uko amahoro nyakuri yazagera ku burasirazuba bwa Congo, maze impunzi zigataha iwabo mu cyubahiro no mu mutekano.