Minembwe: Drone yarashe ku baturage, ibabuza kwibuka abiciwe mu Gatumba

Minembwe: Drone yarashe ku baturage, ibabuza kwibuka abiciwe mu Gatumba

Minembwe, Kivu y’Amajyepfo; Ku wa 13 Kanama 2025, abaturage b’abanyamurenge bo mu gace ka Minembwe muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) bateguraga umuhango wo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 21 Jenoside yakorewe Abanyamurenge mu nkambi y’impunzi y’i Gatumba, mu gihugu cy’u Burundi mu 2004. Ariko uwo muhango wahungabanyijwe bikomeye n’igitero cya drone cyaturutse mu kirere, gikubita hafi y’ahari kubera ibikorwa byo kwibuka, gituma abantu birukira hirya no hino mu bwoba no mu kavuyo.

Amakuru y’ibanze avuga ko iyo drone itigeze igusha ibisasu byinshi, ariko uburyo yasakuraga, uburyo yegereye kandi ikarasa ku nzu iri hafi y’ahari kubera ibikorwa, byahinduye icyari umuhango w’icyubahiro n’isengesho mo ishusho y’ubwoba no kurokora amagara.

Amateka y’i Gatumba:

Ku wa 13 Kanama 2004, abarwanyi ba FNL (Forces Nationales de Libération) bakoresheje intwaro za rutura bica abantu 166 mu nkambi ya Gatumba, hafi y’umupaka wa Congo n’u Burundi, hafi ya Bujumbura. Abishwe hafi ya bose bari Abanyamurenge b’impunzi zaturutse muri RDC, bahunze imirwano n’ibitero by’amoko byo mu Kivu y’Amajyepfo.

Uwo munsi w’amarira wateye inkovu zikomeye ku Banyamurenge, bityo kwibuka Gatumba buri mwaka bikaba ari igikorwa cyo gusubiza icyubahiro abishwe, gusaba ubutabera mpuzamahanga, no kugaragaza ko urwango rushingiye ku moko rudakwiye kongera gufata indi ntera.

Kwibuka kwabujijwe:

Icyo kibazo cya drone ku munsi nyirizina wo kwibuka cyafashwe nk’intsinzi y’“ubutegetsi bw’igitugu cya gisivile” ku mateka ya rubanda. Abanyamurenge bavuga ko iki ari igikorwa cyo kubabuza uburenganzira bwo gusubiza icyubahiro ababo, ndetse ko gishobora kuba gifitanye isano n’uruhande rutabashaka muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo.

Hari n’abavuga ko uyu ari “umugambi wo gukomeza kubatera ubwoba no kubangamira ibikorwa byose bibahuza nk’itsinda ry’abantu bafite amateka yihariye mu karere.”

Impamvu Minembwe ikomeje kuba ahantu h’uruhererekane rw’ibibazo

Minembwe ni agace gafite umwihariko: gaherereye ku misozi miremire ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo, kakaba gatuyemo Abanyamurenge benshi, ariko gahora mu bihombo by’imirwano hagati y’inyeshyamba, imitwe y’auto-défense, n’ingabo za Leta. Imibanire hagati y’Abanyamurenge n’amoko abarirwa hafi yabo isanzwe irimo amakimbirane akomoka ku mateka, ku butaka, no ku mikoranire n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.

Kuba drone yabashije kugera muri ako gace no gukora igitero ku munsi nk’uwo, birerekana uburyo ibikorwa by’ubutasi n’ibya gisirikare bikomeje kuba ku rwego rwo hejuru, ndetse bishobora kuba bikorwa n’impande zifite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse.

Ingaruka ku mibanire y’akarere

Kwibasira ibikorwa byo kwibuka Gatumba ntibigira ingaruka ku Banyamurenge gusa. Ni igisubizo kigaragaza ko ikibazo cy’akarere ka Kivu cyagumye kuba ikibazo cya politiki mpuzamahanga:

U Burundi: Igihugu cyibukirwaho ko kiri ahabereye ubwicanyi bwa Gatumba, kandi gifite amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kurwanya urwango rw’amoko.

RDC: Ikomeza kugaragazwa nk’igihugu kitabasha kurinda abaturage bacyo imbere mu gihugu.

Akarere ka ICGLR (International Conference on the Great Lakes Region): Igisubizo nk’iki gishobora kongera impaka ku buryo bwo kurinda amoko amwe n’amwe akomeje kwibasirwa.

Aho ubutabera bugeze

Kugeza uyu munsi, ubutabera ku bwicanyi bwa Gatumba ntiburagerwaho mu buryo bwuzuye. Bamwe mu bayobozi ba FNL bafashwe cyangwa bakurikiranywe mu mategeko, ariko nta rubanza rwimbitse rwigeze rutanga ishusho yose y’abagize uruhare. Ibi bikomeje gutuma Abanyamurenge bumva ko amateka yabo atavugwa bihagije ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bityo no kubabuza kwibuka bikaba ari ugushimangira ubwo bucye bw’ijwi.

Ubuhamya bw’umuturage

Umwe mu bari bahari yabwiye itangazamakuru ati:

“Twari twicaye, dutangira kuririmba indirimbo yo kwibuka. Hanyuma twumva ikintu gisakuza hejuru, gishya mu maso yacu. Twese twahise twirukira mu mashyamba. Abana bararize, abakecuru baragwa hasi. Ntitwigeze dutekereza ko no kwibuka abacu bizagera aho biba icyaha.”

Kwibasira kwibuka abanyamurenge biciwe i Gatumba: Ese byafatwa nk’ibikorwa bigize icyaha mu mategeko mpuzamahanga?

Kwibuka ku buryo bwa rusange abaguye mu bwicanyi bw’amateka si umuhango gusa wo kwibuka abishwe, ahubwo mu mategeko mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu ni uburenganzira bw’itsinda ry’abantu rifite umubare runaka, amateka, cyangwa imiterere yihariye. Iyo iryo tsinda ribuzwa cyangwa rigaterwa ubwoba ku bushake mu gihe riri mu muhango w’ubwubahane, bishobora kugira isano n’ibyaha bikurikira:

1. Uburenganzira bwo Kwibuka n’Uburenganzira ku buzima

Mu masezerano mpuzamahanga y’uburenganzira bwa muntu, harimo International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), ingingo ya 18 n’iya 27, ivuga ko abantu bafite uburenganzira bwo gukomeza ibikorwa bibahuza mu muco n’amateka yabo.

Kwibuka Gatumba ku Banyamurenge ni igikorwa cy’umuco n’amateka.

Kubangamira ibyo bikorwa ku bushake, cyane cyane hifashishijwe uburyo bwa gisirikare nka drone, bishobora gufatwa nk’ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu.

2. Kwibasira ubwoko runaka (Targeted Harassment)

Mu gihe hakigaragazwa ko drone yoherejwe kugira ngo ihungabanye Abanyamurenge mu muhango wabo, bigaragaza uburyo imvugo z’urwango cyangwa ibikorwa byo kwibasira ubwoko runaka bishobora gufata isura nshya mu bihe by’ikoranabuhanga.

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948) isobanura ko ibikorwa bigamije “gutera ubwoba, guhindura umuco, cyangwa kurandura ubuzima bwa rubanda” bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by’ubugome bushobora gushingirwaho mu kuburanisha icyaha cya jenoside igihe bigaragaramo umugambi w’irondabwoko.

3. Ikibazo cy’umutekano n’itwarwa rya drone

Kuko drone ishobora kuba yaraturutse mu gace gafite ibigo bya gisirikare cyangwa ikaba yaroherejwe n’itsinda rifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ikirere, ikibazo cyubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga yo mu ntambara (International Humanitarian Law – IHL).

Nta mpamvu zemewe z’ubutabazi cyangwa igisirikare zigaragazwa, bigasigara ari igikorwa cy’ubushotoranyi kinyuranyije n’itegeko rya Geneva Convention rikumira ibitero ku baturage batari ku rugamba.

4. Icyo bishobora gusobanura kuri diplomasi

Ku rwego rwa ICGLR: Ibi bishobora gusuzumwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko ibihugu bikiri mu bikorwa bishingiye ku mwuka mubi w’amoko, bityo bikaba byakongera gusaba ibiganiro byihutirwa.

Ku rwego rwa ONU: Hari inzira yo gusaba ko intumwa idasanzwe ku burenganzira (Special Rapporteur on Minority Issues) yakoherezwa mu Minembwe ngo agenzure.

Icyo bivuze ku Banyamurenge

Kuba ibikorwa byo kwibuka Gatumba byaburijwemo ntibivuga gusa ikibazo cy’umutekano muke muri Minembwe, ahubwo ni igisubizo gishya ku kibazo cy’uko amateka y’itsinda ry’abantu ashobora kwandikwa, gusibangana, cyangwa gusigara mu mwijima mu gihe cyose abifitemo inyungu bagikomeza kubangamira uburenganzira bwo kwibuka no gusaba ubutabera.

Umwe mu mpuguke mu mategeko mpuzamahanga yo mu karere yabivuze mu magambo akomeye:

“Kwica abantu ni icyaha. Ariko no kubabuza kwibukwa, ni ugukomeza ubwicanyi mu buryo bwihishe.”