Ku nshuro ya mbere mu mateka: u Burundi bwohereje amabuye y’agaciro mu mahanga
Ku nshuro ya mbere mu mateka: u Burundi bwohereje amabuye y’agaciro mu mahanga
Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi byo mu karere byamaze kugira ubukungu bushingiye ku mabuye y’agaciro, u Burundi bwanditse amateka mashya ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2025, ubwo bwoherezaga toni 260 z’amabuye y’agaciro mu mahanga ku nshuro ya mbere mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko. Ni igikorwa Perezida Évariste Ndayishimiye ubwe yashyigikiye, avuga ko ari “intambwe nshya mu kwigenga k’ubukungu bw’igihugu”.
Ayo mabuye agizwe na toni 156 za Améthyste na toni 104 za Quartz, akaba yaroherejwe mu Bushinwa, aho azagurishwa ku kiranguzo (vente aux enchères). Uyu ni umushinga uje nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’amakimbirane hagati y’inzego z’ubukungu n’abategetsi, bashinjwaga ko ibikorwa byo gucuruza amabuye byakorwaga mu ibanga no mu nyungu z’abantu ku giti cyabo.
Uko urugendo rwo kohereza ayo mabuye rwateguwe
Ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Melchior Ndadaye i Bujumbura, imashini nini zifata ibiro by’amabuye zasohoraga urusaku rutumye benshi bagira amatsiko. Mu maso y’abategetsi, abacukuzi n’abanyamakuru, ikarito za Améthyste na Quartz zashyizwe mu mapaki manini agiye koherezwa mu Bushinwa.
Minisitiri w’inganda, ubucukuzi n’ubukerarugendo, Irénée Bigirimana, yavuze ko igikorwa cyabanje guca mu nzira zose zemewe n’amategeko:
“Iyi ni intambwe ya mbere igaragaza ko u Burundi bushoboye gucunga umutungo wabwo bwite. Ayo mabuye yavuye mu bucukuzi bwemewe, kandi azagurishwa mu mucyo, ku isoko mpuzamahanga rifitiwe icyizere.”
Amakuru aturuka mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Amabuye y’Agaciro (OBM – Office Burundais des Mines) avuga ko mu kugena ayo mabuye, habaye igenzura ryimbitse ku ireme n’agaciro kayo, kugira ngo igihugu kitazahomba nk’uko byagiye bigenda mu myaka yashize, aho zahabu n’amabuye y’agaciro yoherezwaga mu buryo bw’ibanga, amafaranga yinjiyemo ntamenyekane.
Agaciro k’amabuye yoherejwe
Ku isoko mpuzamahanga, ikilo kimwe cya Améthyste kigura hafi 70 €, mu gihe ikilo cya Quartz kigura hagati ya 3 € na 5 €.
Iyo ubaze ku gipimo cya toni yoherejwe, bigaragaza ko:
- Toni 156 za Améthyste zingana na 156.000 kg × 70 € = 10.920.000 €,
- Toni 104 za Quartz zingana na 104.000 kg × 4 € (impuzandengo) = 416.000 €.
Bivuze ko ayo mabuye yose hamwe afite agaciro ka hafi 11.336.000 €, ni ukuvuga abarenga miliyari 33 z’amafaranga y’Abarundi.
Aya mafaranga, nk’uko Perezida Ndayishimiye yabitangaje, azakoreshwa mu gushora imari mu bikoresho bigezweho by’ubucukuzi, kugira ngo igihugu kizajye gitunganya amabuye yacyo imbere mu gihugu aho kubyoherereza hanze bisanzwe bitwara menshi.
Intego ni ukugira uruganda rutunganya amabuye imbere mu gihugu
Perezida Ndayishimiye yavuze ko uyu mushinga ari umusingi w’icyerekezo gishya:
“Twashakaga guhagarika uwo muco wo kohereza ubutare butatunganyijwe, kuko byatumaga igihugu kidahabwa inyungu ikwiye. Ubu turashaka kuba igihugu cyohereza ibintu byatunganyijwe.”
Bimwe mu byitezwe gukorwa n’amafaranga azava muri aya mabuye harimo:
- Kugura imashini zicukura mu buryo bwa kijyambere,
- Kubaka uruganda rw’ikitegerezo ruzatunganya amabuye nka Améthyste, Quartz, Coltan na Nickel,
- Gushyiraho isoko ryo mu gihugu ry’amabuye y’agaciro rifasha kugenzura igiciro nyacyo ku buryo buri kintu cyose gicishwa mu mucyo.
Urwikekwe mu bategetsi n’amateka y’icuruzwa ry’amabuye y’agaciro mu ibanga
Iyi ntambwe nshya yatewe n’u Burundi ije nyuma y’imyaka y’amakimbirane y’imbere mu gihugu yerekeye ishorwa ry’amabuye y’agaciro.
Abadepite n’abasenateri b’u Burundi bamaze imyaka basaba ibisobanuro ku micungire y’amabuye, bavuga ko Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu (BRB) yagiye ishora zahabu mu mahanga “mu buryo bw’ibanga”, mu gihe Ikigo gishinzwe imisoro (OBR) cyavugaga ko kitazi amafaranga yinjijwe.
Raporo y’umwaka wa 2024–2025 yerekanye ko muri miliyari 26 zari zitezwe mu byinjira by’ubucukuzi, hinjiye miliyari 6 gusa, kandi muri ayo mafaranga, OBR yemera ko miriyoni 55 yonyine ariyo izi aho yaturutse.
Umunyapolitiki umwe uri mu Kanama k’Abadepite, utashatse kugaragazwa, yavuze ko “hari igihe amabuye yacukwaga nijoro, agashyirwa mu modoka z’ingabo, akaburirwa irengero.”
Ubu buryo, ngo, ni bwo Perezida Ndayishimiye ashaka guca, ashyiraho inzego nshya zigenzura buri gikorwa cy’ubucukuzi kuva ku mwobo kugeza ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
U Burundi mu ruhando rw’amabuye y’agaciro ku isi
U Burundi, igihugu gito kiri mu mutima w’Afurika, cyari kimenyerewe cyane ku buhinzi n’ubworozi, ariko mu by’ukuri gifite ubutaka buhoramo amabuye y’agaciro menshi cyane.
Abahanga bavuga ko igihugu kiri ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi mu kugira Nickel, inyuma y’u Burusiya, ndetse kikaza ku mwanya wa gatandatu mu kugira Coltan, umutungo ukoreshwa cyane mu gukora telefone, mudasobwa, n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
Uretse ibyo, igihugu gifite:
- Uranium, ikoreshwa mu ngufu za nyukiliye,
- Terres rares (ibyuma bidasanzwe bikoreshwa mu nganda za tekinoloji),
- Cobalt, cuivre, platine, vanadium, tantale, zahabu, tungstène, na kaolin,
- Ndetse n’amabuye ya calcaire na tourbe, akoreshwa mu nganda z’imbere mu gihugu.
Ibi bituma u Burundi bwitwa “igihugu gito gifite ubutunzi bunini butarakoreshwa”, nk’uko byavuzwe na Prof. Léonce Ngendakumana, impuguke mu bukungu bwo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Impamvu u Bushinwa bwahiswemo nk’isoko rya mbere
Kohereza aya mabuye mu Bushinwa ntabwo ari impanuka. U Bushinwa ni kimwe mu bihugu bifite inganda zikomeye zicukura, ziconga, ndetse zikorera ku giciro gito cyane.
Nk’uko byasobanuwe na Minisitiri w’ubukungu w’u Burundi, Déogratias Niyonkuru, u Bushinwa bwiyemeje gutanga ikiguzi gihanitse kurusha ibindi bihugu, ariko kandi bugaha u Burundi ubufatanye mu by’ikoranabuhanga.
“U Bushinwa buzadufasha kongera ubushobozi bwacu mu bucukuzi, no kwigisha abatekinisiye bacu uburyo bwo gutunganya amabuye. Si ubucuruzi gusa, ni ubufatanye bwa tekiniki n’imari.”
Ubu bufatanye kandi buzafasha mu kubaka Laboratoire géologique nationale, izaba ishinzwe gusuzuma amabuye yose yoherezwa hanze, kugira ngo igihugu kibone igiciro cy’ukuri.
Abaturage barizera amahirwe mashya, ariko hari n’abababajwe
Abaturage bo mu turere twa Muyinga, Cibitoke, na Kayanza, aho amwe muri aya mabuye yakomotse, bavuga ko bishimiye cyane iri tangiriro.
Umucukuzi witwa Ntirampeba Jean Claude yagize ati:
“Twamaze imyaka ducukura ariko tutabona icyo tubyungukiramo. Niba noneho leta yacu igiye gukurikirana neza ibyo dukora, ni amahirwe yacu.”
Ariko hari abandi bafite impungenge ko amafaranga azava muri ibyo bikorwa atazagera ku baturage.
Umwe mu bayobozi b’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, Marie-Claire Irakoze, avuga ko:
“Mu gihe nta mucyo uhari, ayo mafaranga ashobora gusubira mu mifuka y’abantu bake. Dukeneye amategeko n’inzego zigenzura zikorera mu ruhame.”
Uburyo bushya bwo kugenzura no gutanga amakuru
Perezida Ndayishimiye yategetse ko kuva ubu, buri gikorwa cyose kijyanye n’ubucukuzi n’icuruzwa ry’amabuye y’agaciro kizajya gicishwa muri sisitemu y’ikoranabuhanga ya OBR, kugira ngo imisoro, inyungu n’amafaranga yose anyure mu nzira imwe.
Biteganyijwe ko muri 2026, u Burundi buzaba bufite Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ibaruramari ry’amabuye (Système intégré de traçabilité minière) kizajya gikurikirana buri kilo cy’amabuye kivuye ku mwobo kugeza ku mucuruzi wo hanze.
Ingaruka ku bukungu n’ubusugire bw’igihugu
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko iyi ari intambwe ikomeye izagira ingaruka nziza ku bukungu bw’u Burundi, kuko:
- Izongera amafaranga yinjira mu isanduku ya Leta,
- Izateza imbere ibikorwa by’iterambere ry’imbere mu gihugu,
- Izakuraho amakimbirane y’imbere mu bategetsi,
- Izafasha mu kurwanya ruswa no guhagarika ishorwa ry’amabuye mu buryo butemewe.
Ariko banibutsa ko iyi ari ntambwe ya mbere, kandi ko umutekano, ubunyamwuga mu bucukuzi, n’imiyoborere myiza bizaba imbarutso y’ukuri yo kugera ku iterambere rirambye.
U Burundi mu rugendo rwo kwihesha agaciro
Mu gihe iyo ndege yari itwaye toni 260 z’amabuye y’agaciro yagurukaga iva i Bujumbura, benshi mu banyaburundi bari bafite amarangamutima y’urugendo rushya rutangiye. Abenshi bavuga ko “u Burundi bushya bw’ubukungu” burimo kuvuka.
Perezida Ndayishimiye yabihamije mu ijambo rye ryasozaga igikorwa:
“Aya ni amabuye yacu, ubutunzi bwacu, n’icyizere cyacu. Igihe cy’abashoraga amabuye mu ibanga cyarangiye. U Burundi bugiye kwihesha agaciro kabwo ku isoko mpuzamahanga.”
Ni ijambo ryashimangiwe n’amashyi menshi y’abaturage, abacukuzi, n’abakozi ba leta bari bitabiriye uwo muhango.
Kuva uyu munsi, u Burundi ntikiri igihugu gisohora ubutare mu buryo bw’ibanga. Ni igihugu cyafashe icyerekezo cyo kubyaza umusaruro umutungo wabwo, mu mucyo no mu nyungu z’abaturage bacyo bose.
