Kabila, umugabo w’icyizere cyangwa umunyabyaha?
Kabila, umugabo w’icyizere cyangwa umunyabyaha?
Nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri gusa urukiko rwa gisirikare rwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (RDC) rufashe icyemezo cyatangaje benshi, aho rwakatiye urwo gupfa Joseph Kabila, wahoze ari Perezida w’icyo gihugu, inkuru nshya ikomeje gutangaza isi yose. Uwo wahoze ari umuyobozi ukomeye mu karere ka Afurika yo hagati yongeye kugaragara mu ruhame, ibintu byateje urujijo n’impaka ndende ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no mu binyamakuru mpuzamahanga.
Nk’uko byatangajwe n’ikinyamakuru Jeune Afrique, Kabila yari yagaragaye mu mujyi wa Nairobi, muri Kenya, aho yatumiye inama igamije “gusesengura ahazaza h’igihugu cya Kongo n’uruhare rw’imiryango y’abanyapolitiki mu kugarura ituze.” Iyo nama iteganyijwe kuri 14 Ukwakira 2025, ikaba izitabirwa n’abanyapolitiki batandukanye batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Félix Tshisekedi, ndetse n’abahoze ari abayobozi mu ngabo za leta.
Inkuru y’amayobera
Kuva ku itariki ya 29 Nzeri 2025, ubwo urukiko rwa gisirikare rwa Kinshasa rwatangazaga urubanza rurerure ku byaha byashinjwaga Kabila, benshi mu bakongomani bari bagitekereza ko uwo wahoze ari Perezida ari mu maboko ya leta cyangwa se ari mu bihome by’iperereza. Ariko noneho, kubona amafoto ye yicaranye n’abanyapolitiki i Nairobi, yambaye impuzankano isanzwe kandi asa n’uwizeye, byahise bikwirakwira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga nk’umuriro mu ishyamba.
Mu mashusho yabonetse, Kabila yumvikanaga avuga amagambo make ariko atuma benshi batekereza ko akiri umuntu ukomeye mu mikino ya politiki ya Congo. Yagize ati:
“Uburenganzira bw’abaturage ntibukwiye kuvanwaho ku bw’inyungu z’abantu bake. Kongo ni igihugu cyacu twese, kandi tugomba kwiyemeza kugiharanira.”
Aya magambo yacapwe henshi nk’ubutumwa bwerekana ko Kabila atigeze yemera ibyemezo by’urukiko, ndetse ko ashobora kuba ari gutegura inzira yo kugaruka mu ruhando rwa politiki.
Urubanza rw’amatiku n’amasinzi y’ubutegetsi
Urukiko rwa gisirikare rwamukatiye urwo gupfa rumushinja ibyaha bitatu bikomeye:
- Gucura umugambi wo kugambanira igihugu,
- Gukora ibikorwa bihungabanya amahoro n’umutekano,
- Kuyobora umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi bafitanye isano n’abarwanyi bo mu Burasirazuba.
Ibyo byaha byose byari bihujwe n’ibikorwa by’ingabo zitamenyekanye zari zigaragaye mu ntara za Ituri na Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, aho hari amakuru yavugaga ko hari abahoze mu ngabo za Kabila bagaragaye bahagaritse imodoka za gisivili, bakambura abaturage ndetse bakavuga ko “bari mu rugamba rwo kugarura ubutegetsi bwabo.”
Ubushinjacyaha bwa gisirikare bwavuze ko hari ibimenyetso by’imiyoborere n’amafaranga byoherezwaga muri ibyo bikorwa biva muri konti z’abantu ba hafi ba Kabila. Ariko abunganizi be mu mategeko bahakanye ibyo birego, bavuga ko ari “urubanza rwa politiki rugamije gukuraho burundu isura ya Kabila nk’umuntu wigeze kuyobora igihugu mu gihe cy’amahoro.”
Umuhanga mu by’umutekano wo muri Kaminuza ya Makerere, Dr. Samuel Niyonzima, avuga ko “icyo ari ikimenyetso cy’uko ibibazo bya Congo biri hejuru y’ubushobozi bwa leta ibiyobora, kandi ko ibihugu bimwe by’inshuti bishobora kuba byamuhaye ubuhungiro mu ibanga.”
Guverinoma ya Kenya yo kugeza ubu ntacyo iratangaza ku mugaragaro ku kuba Kabila ari ku butaka bwayo, ariko amakuru aturuka mu nzego z’ubutasi zaho avuga ko hari ibiganiro biri hagati ya Nairobi na Kinshasa ku bijyanye n’icyo kibazo.
Impinduka muri politiki y’akarere
Iyi nkuru y’ukugaragara kwa Kabila ije mu gihe mu karere ka Afurika yo hagati n’Iburasirazuba hugarijwe n’ubwumvikane buke bwa politiki n’imvururu zishingiye ku mutekano. Mu gihe RDC ikomeje imirwano i Beni, Rutshuru na Goma hagati y’ingabo za leta n’abarwanyi ba M23, ibyo byose bishyira igitutu kuri Perezida Tshisekedi, uherutse gutangaza ko “nta na rimwe azemera ibiganiro n’abagambanyi.”
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko kugaruka kwa Kabila bishobora gutera impinduka zikomeye muri politiki y’akarere, cyane cyane mu gihe hari amakuru avuga ko hari bamwe mu basirikare b’ikirenga bamushyigikiye mu ibanga. Umwe muri bo yabwiye Jeune Afrique ati:
“Kabila afite abantu benshi mu ngabo, mu bucuruzi, no muri politiki. Gushaka kumucira urwo gupfa byashobora gutera ihungabana rikomeye muri RDC.”
Icyo gitekerezo gishyigikiwe n’indi mpuguke yo muri Kigali ivuga ko “n’ubwo yakuwe ku butegetsi muri 2019, Kabila yakomeje kugira ijambo rikomeye mu mitwe imwe yitwara gisirikare ndetse no mu banyapolitiki bo mu burasirazuba.”
Uko abaturage babifashe
Abaturage benshi bagaragaje amarangamutima anyuranye. Bamwe basanga “Kabila akwiye guhanwa” kubera ibyaha byamuvuzweho, abandi bakavuga ko ari “umuyobozi wakorewe akarengane.”
Marie Mukasanga, umubyeyi w’imyaka 43 wo muri Goma, yagize ati:
“Ntabwo twigeze twumva ko Kabila yishe umuntu ku giti cye. Ariko twabonye ubukene n’ubusumbane igihe yayoboraga igihugu. Nibyo bishobora kuba byaramubereye urwitwazo.”
Ku rundi ruhande, Théodore Mutombo, umusore w’imyaka 28 ukorera i Kinshasa, yavuze ko “kubona umuntu yakatiwe urwo gupfa hanyuma akagaragara hanze y’igihugu ni igisebo gikomeye ku butegetsi.”
Ibi bisubizo bitandukanye byerekana uko icyizere cya rubanda ku butabera bwa Congo gikomeje kunyeganyega.
Icyerekezo cya Kabila
N’ubwo atigeze atangaza ku mugaragaro niba azasaba ubuhungiro muri Kenya cyangwa ahandi, Kabila yatanze ikimenyetso cy’uko atiteguye gusubira muri RDC mu gice kigenzurwa na Leta ya Kinshasa mu gihe ibintu bitarasobanuka. Hari amakuru avuga ko afite itsinda ry’abashinzwe umutekano bakuru bamurinda, ndetse n’abahoze ari abajyanama be muri politiki bari kumwe na we muri Nairobi.
Hari kandi impuha zivuga ko ashobora gutangiza umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku mahoro n’ubwiyunge muri Kongo, mu rwego rwo kwerekana ko atari “umwanzi w’igihugu” ahubwo ari “umunyapolitiki ushaka amahoro arambye.”
Ariko abasesenguzi bamwe babona ko ibyo byose ari uburyo bwo gukomeza kugira ijambo muri politiki y’igihugu, cyane cyane mu gihe amatora yo mu 2028 yegereje.
Impaka hagati ya Kinshasa na Nairobi
Perezida Félix Tshisekedi ntiyigeze agaragaza ku mugaragaro uko yafashe ibyo kugaragara kwa Kabila, ariko bamwe mu bayobozi bakuru mu biro bye batangarije Radio Okapi ko “ari igikorwa cy’ubushotoranyi gikwiye gusubizwa mu buryo bukwiye.”
Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga wa RDC, Christophe Lutundula, yavuze mu itangazo rigufi ko guverinoma ya Congo yasabye ibisobanuro ku gihugu cya Kenya ku bijyanye n’icyo gikorwa, kandi ko hashobora gufatwa “ingamba za dipolomasi zikomeye” mu gihe Kabila yakomeza kwitabira ibikorwa bya politiki mu mahanga.
Ku ruhande rwa Kenya, Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga, Musalia Mudavadi, yavuze ko igihugu cye “kitazigera gihisha umuntu ushinjwa ibyaha bikomeye”, ariko anasobanura ko “nta kintu kigaragaza ko Kabila ari ku butaka bwa Kenya mu buryo bunyuranyije n’amategeko.”
Kabila, umugabo w’icyizere cyangwa umunyabyaha?
Joseph Kabila yakomeje kuba umwe mu banyapolitiki batavugwaho rumwe muri Afurika. Yageze ku butegetsi mu 2001, nyuma y’urupfu rwa se Laurent-Désiré Kabila, aguma kuyobora igihugu imyaka 18 kugeza mu 2019. Yashimwe n’abamubonaga nk’umwe mu bayobozi bagaruye igihugu mu mutekano nyuma y’intambara ndende, ariko anavugwaho gukandamiza abatavuga rumwe, ruswa no gucunga nabi umutungo w’igihugu.
Kuva yava ku butegetsi, Kabila yahisemo ubwigunge, akajya akorera ibikorwa bye mu kigo cye cya Kingakati, hafi ya Kinshasa. Gusa urubanza n’ibyavuzwe ko yagambanye n’abarwanyi b’i Beni byahinduye byinshi.
Kuba agaragaye muri Kenya nyuma yo gukatirwa urwo gupfa, birongera gusubiza Kabila mu muryango w’abayobozi b’akarere b’abanyembaraga kandi bavugwaho amayobera menshi.
Kugaruka kwa Kabila mu ruhame byongeye kuzana ishusho y’umuntu utapfuye mu buryo bwa politiki, n’ubwo amategeko yamuciriye urwo gupfa. Ni inkuru y’ihurizo, hagati y’ubutegetsi bushaka kwerekana ko bugenga byose, n’umunyapolitiki ushaka kugaragaza ko agifite ijambo mu gihugu cyamubyaye.
Mu gihe isi yose ikomeje gutegereza uko Nairobi na Kinshasa bizakemura icyo kibazo, kimwe kiragaragara: RDC iracyari mu rugendo rurerure rwo gushaka amahoro arambye n’ubutabera nyabwo.
