Imirwano: AFC/M23 yerekeje amaso ku mijyi ya Uvira na Kisangani

Imirwano: AFC/M23 yerekeje amaso ku mijyi ya Uvira na Kisangani

Mu nama yabereye imbere ya Hotel La Trinité mu mujyi wa Nzibira, umuyobozi wungirije w’abarwanyi ba M23, Brig. Gen. Bernard Byamungu, yasobanuye impamvu n’intego ya M23: abo barwanyi bavugaga ko barengera abaturage bagahagarika ibitero byari biri gutegurwa muri ako gace, kandi ko bazakomeza kugeza igihe ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa buvanyweho. Yavuze ko bategereje ko perezida Félix Tshisekedi yazagirana nabo ibiganiro byimbitse; mu gihe ibyo bitabaye, bagiye gukomeza urugamba bakagera no ku migi ya kure. Iyi myanzuro yatumye impungenge ziba nyinshi kubera aho Nzibira iherereye hafi y’imihanda ijya ku mijyi ikomeye mu ntara.

Uko ibintu byatangiye: gufata Nzibira n’ingaruka z’ako kanya

AFC/M23 yamenyesheje ko yafashe umujyi wa Nzibira ku itariki ya 22 Nzeri 2025, nyuma y’imirwano ikaze n’ingabo za FARDC n’abafatanyabikorwa bazo bamenyekanye nka Wazalendo. Nzibira ni umujyi w’ingenzi mu Burasirazuba bwa Kivu y’Amajyepfo, uzwiho ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, harimo gasegereti na zahabu, ibyo bikaba byari intandaro y’inyungu nyinshi ku mpande zitandukanye. Ifatwa ry’uyu mujyi ryabaye intangiriro y’umuvuduko mushya mu ngabo zishaka kugera kure mu mihanda ya Kivu n’ahandi.

Abaturage baho bavuga ko ibikorwa bya gisirikare byasize imidugararo: ingendo zirafunze, amasoko afunze kenshi, ndetse n’amasibo y’abasivile yatakaje ubuzima n’imari yabo kubera intambara yibasiye amacumbi. Ibigo by’ubutabazi n’imiryango y’abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu byatangaje ko abantu benshi bagiye guhunga bakajya mu mijyi iteganye cyangwa mu bindi bice bya Kivu aho amahoro agaragara. Ibitaro bya kera byongeye kwakira abarwayi ba gisirikare n’abasivile bakomerekeye mu mirwano.

Icyo M23 ivuga: «kubohora abaturage»

Mu ijambo rye imbere y’abaturage, Brig. Gen. Bernard Byamungu yavuze ko intego yabo ari ukubohora abaturage, ko batari ba bandi bazanye intambara idafite impamvu, kandi ko bahangayikishijwe n’uko ibitero byategurwaga mu mujyi byarushaga guhitana abaturage. Mu magambo yari mu nyandiko yatanzwe n’abayoboke be yagize ati: “Kinshasa ntishaka guhagarika intambara. Indege zazanye abasirikare benshi hano; twafashe kandi amabombe menshi bateraga mu baturage.” Yongeyeho ko igisirikare cya M23 “gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwana kugera i Kinshasa” mu gihe ibiganiro bitabaye.

Abasesenguzi bemeza ko iyo bavuze «kubohora» rimwe na rimwe M23 ishaka no kugenzura inzira z’ubucukuzi n’ubucuruzi bw’amasoko y’umutungo kamere. Nzibira, nk’uko byatangajwe n’abakurikiranira hafi mu itangazamakuru, ni agace gafite umutungo w’ibikora bya zahabu n’ibindi, kandi kugenzura ako gace bitanga uburyo bwo kubona inkunga y’amafaranga, ibikoresho bya gisirikare n’ibindi. Ibi ni ibindi bishobora gutuma ingabo zituruka mu mpande zitari leta zibona ubushobozi bwo gukomeza urugamba rw’igihe kirekire.

Uvira na Kisangani mu bucukumbuzi bwa M23: impamvu z’abategura igitero

AFC/M23 yatangaje ko yiteguye gukurikirana Wazalendo n’ingabo za Leta bahungiye mu cyerekezo cy’Umujyi wa Kisangani mu Ntara ya Tshopo. Kisangani, kimwe mu bice bishinzwe imicungire y’ingendo z’imbere mu gihugu, kenshi cyakoreshejwe nk’imwe mu nzira z’ingabo za Leta mu kugeza ibikoresho ndetse no gutwara imodoka n’abasirikare ku bindi bice bya Congo. Hari aho byavuzwe ko kisangani ikoreshwa nk’ibirindiro by’indege z’intambara n’amadoroni mu kugaba ibitero, bityo kuyigenzura byaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu gutangiza igitero cyagutse.

Umwe mu miterere ya gisirikare yagaragajwe n’abasesenguzi ni uko gufata inzego z’ubwikorezi (ports, inganda z’amavuta, n’ibindi byatanzwe n’imiyoboro) byafasha igisirikare kitari cya Leta kugira ubushobozi bwo kwimurira intwaro n’abarwanyi mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu. Ibi byongera impungenge ku nzego mpuzamahanga kuko umujyi wa Kisangani uri hagati, bitewe n’uburyo ubwikorezi bw’imbere mu gihugu bukoreshwa, kandi ushobora kuba icyambu cy’amakuru n’uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho.

Ingabo za Leta (FARDC) n’abafatanyabikorwa

Guverinoma ya RDC yanze kwemera ko Nzibira yaguye mu maboko y’abanzi b’igihugu. Ku ruhande rwa Leta, FARDC hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa barimo amatsinda y’abarwanyi bazwi nka Wazalendo bamaze kugaragaza ko barimo kurwana n’abarwanyi ba M23 mu bice bitandukanye bya Kivu. Hari amakuru avuga ko FARDC yashyizeho ingamba zidasanzwe zo gukumira intambwe ya M23, zirimo kwimura ibikoresho n’ingabo ku migi yo hagati nka Kisangani no ku zindi nzira z’ubwikorezi. Ibi byerekana uburemere bw’uburyo iyi ntambara ishobora gukwirakwira mu gice kinini cya Congo.

Ku rundi ruhande, hari ibyavuzwe ku birwanisho bya gisirikare birimo indege n’amadrones yakoreshwaga mu bitero. Abarwanyi ba M23 bagaragaje ko zimwe muri izo ndege n’amadrones byateye ku baturage bagiye babangamirwa, bakanavuga ko batangije ibikorwa byo kuvugutira umuti izo ndege. Ibi bikorwa by’umutekano byakomerekeje cyane imibereho y’abaturage basanzwe batari mu murongo w’intambara.

Ingaruka ku basivile: ubuhunzi, ibyangiritse n’ubutabazi

Ku ruhande rw’abasivile, imirwano yahungabanyije ubuzima bwa buri munsi: amashuri yafunze, amasoko yacitsemo ibice, n’imiryango y’abaturage yibasiwe n’ibiciro by’ibiribwa n’imiti byiyongereye. Hari amakuru yizewe avuga ko kubera imirwano hari abasivile benshi bamaze guhunga, bamwe bajya mu mijyi yegereye Nzibira cyangwa mu bihugu by’abaturanyi. Imiryango mpuzamahanga yita ku bakene n’abimukira yatangiye gutanga inkunga y’ibanze mu buryo bw’ibiribwa, amazi n’ubuvuzi, ariko ibyo ntibihagije kubera ubwinshi bw’abafite ikibazo.

Imiryango y’abarengera uburenganzira bwa muntu na yo yagaragaje impungenge ku ikoreshwa ry’intwaro ziremereye mu bice byiganjemo abasivile, ndetse n’ingaruka z’ihungabana ku bana ndetse n’abagore.

Abayobozi b’akarere n’impande mpuzamahanga: ibisubizo n’imyanzuro

Abayobozi b’akarere ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga, barimo ibihugu bikomeye, bikomeje gusaba ko haba ibiganiro byimbitse kugira ngo intambara ihagarare kandi habeho inzira y’amahoro. Hari inama n’imishyikirano byatanzwe n’uturere twegereye aho imirwano ibera, ariko kugeza ubu nta cyemezo gikomeye cyafashwe gihagarika intambara. Bamwe mu baharanira amahoro batanze igitekerezo cyo gukumira inzira zose zifasha ikwirakwizwa ry’intwaro ndetse no gutanga uburyo bwo kurinda abasivile.

Ku ruhande rw’uruhare rwa Polisi mpuzamahanga n’abahuza b’intambara, hari ubusabe bwo kubuza ibihugu by’amahanga gutanga intwaro ku mpande z’intambara no gukurikirana abashobora kuba batanga inkunga y’ingabo mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko. Abahanga mu by’umutekano bavuga ko hagomba kubaho uburyo buhamye bwo guhana abakora ibyaha.

Ibibazo by’igihe kirekire: kureba imbere nyuma ya Nzibira

Abahanga mu by’imibanire y’amahanga bavuga ko hakenewe uburyo bwihuse kandi bugizwe n’impande nyinshi: ibiganiro bya politiki, ingamba zo gukumira ikoreshwa ry’intwaro mu buryo butemewe, gufasha abasivile binyuze mu bikorwa by’ubutabazi, hamwe no gushyiraho inzira zizewe zo kugenzura umutungo kamere w’akarere. Ibi byose bisaba ubushake bwa politiki ku ruhande rw’impande zose ndetse n’ubufasha mpuzamahanga butagira aho bucuranwa.

Icyo abaturage bifuza: amahoro, umutekano n’ubuyobozi bufite inshingano

Mu mpera z’iki gitero, igisubizo nyamukuru abaturage bifuza ni amahoro arambye: bifuza ko gahunda za Leta zijyanye no kurengera abaturage zubahirizwa, ko imikorere y’ubutabazi ikomeza ngo ibashe gukemura ibibazo byihutirwa. Abaturage bifuza kandi ko abashinzwe umutekano bashyiramo imbaraga zo kurinda abasivile, ndetse ko impande z’intambara zigomba kwemera ibiganiro bya politiki aho gukomeza kugerageza gukemura ibibazo binyuze mu ntwaro.

inzira igoye ariko itanga ibyiringiro

Ifatwa rya Nzibira na politiki y’iterambere ry’umurwano bya AFC/M23 bigaragaza ko urugamba rugeze ahantu hatari hato. Hari impungenge ko niba iyi myitwarire idahagarikwa, imirwano ishobora gukwira mu bindi bice by’igihugu, bigateza umutekano muke mu karere kose. Ariko kandi, hari icyizere ku ruhande rw’abashaka amahoro: niba impande zose zemera kuganira kandi haboneka uburyo bwo kugenzura no kurinda abasivile, birashoboka ko intambara izahagarara buhoro buhoro. Ibi bisaba uruhare rwa buri wese; guverinoma, imiryango itegamiye kuri leta, ibihugu by’akarere ndetse n’abaturage ubwabo.