Amerika: Imirambo isigaye ihindurwamo ubutaka bwifashishwa mu guhinga

Amerika: Imirambo isigaye ihindurwamo ubutaka bwifashishwa mu guhinga
Mu gihe isi ikomeje gushakisha uburyo bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije no kugabanya imyanda ituruka mu bikorwa by’abantu, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hatangiye gukwirakwira uburyo bushya bwo gushyingura abantu bapfuye butari busanzwe. Ubu buryo bwiswe “human composting” cyangwa se “recomposition”, ni uburyo bwo guhindura umurambo w’umuntu wapfuye ubutaka bushobora kwifashishwa mu buhinzi cyangwa mu gutera ibiti.

Kuva mu mwaka wa 2020 ubwo Leta ya Washington yabwemerezaga bwa mbere, ubu buryo bumaze gukwirakwira mu zindi leta 13 zirimo California, Oregon, Colorado, Vermont, New York, Nevada, Illinois, New Mexico n’izindi, zigamije guteza imbere uburyo bwo gushyingura budahumanya ikirere.

Nk’uko bisobanurwa n’Ikigo Return Home, kimwe mu bigo byambere muri Amerika byemerewe gukora ubu buryo, umuntu upfuye ashyirwa mu isanduku yabugenewe yuzuyemo ibinyabutabire n’ibimera byoroheje nk’ibikenyeri, ibishishi, ibyatsi byagenewe amatungo, ndetse n’ibarizo (alfalfa) bigira uruhare mu kwihutisha igikorwa cyo kubora kwa muntu.

Uburyo bikorwa

Briena Smith, umuyobozi ushinzwe ibikorwa byo gushyingura muri Return Home, asobanura ko iki gikorwa gikorwa mu buryo bw’umwimerere kandi bubungabunga icyubahiro cy’umuntu wapfuye.

“Ubusanzwe umubiri w’umuntu wabora mu gihe cy’amezi menshi, none ubu tubikora mu buryo bwihuse kandi bw’umutekano. Bitwara hagati y’iminsi 60 na 90 kugira ngo umubiri wose ube wahindutse ubutaka bwiza bwo guhingwamo ibimera,” Smith.

Iyo umuntu apfuye, bamwoza neza, bakamwambika imyenda yabugenewe, hanyuma bakamushyira mu isanduku irimo bya bimera byoroshye. Isanduku iba ifite uburyo bwo guhumeka neza kugira ngo haboneke umwuka uhoraho ushyigikira igikorwa cyo kubora.

Smith akomeza agira ati:

“Tubanza gushyira ibimera hasi, tugakurikizaho umubiri, hanyuma tukarenzaho ibindi bimera hejuru ye. Iyo bigezweho, byose tubishyira mu cyumba cyabugenewe gifite ubushyuhe bwa dogere Celsius 55 mu gihe cy’amasaha 72 kugira ngo turwanye udukoko cyangwa uuturwara twandura.”

Nyuma y’icyo gihe, umubiri utangira kubora mu buryo bwihuse. Ibice bitabora nk’amagufwa akomeye cyangwa amenyo bigenda bikurwamo nyuma bikajugunywa, ubundi ibindi byose bigasigara bivangwa kugira ngo habeho ubutaka bwuzuye intungamubiri.

Ubutaka buvuyemo bushyikirizwa umuryango

Mu minsi iri hagati ya 60 na 90, uwo murambo uba umaze guhinduka ubutaka bwiza bufite umweru wihariye. Ubwo butaka busubizwa umuryango w’uwo muntu wapfuye, kugira ngo babukoreshe mu buryo bumwibutsa.

Hari abahera kuri ubwo butaka bagatera ibiti by’imbuto, indabo, cyangwa bakabukoresha mu guhinga ubusitani bwabo. Smith avuga ko abantu benshi babubona nk’uburyo bwo gukomeza kubana n’uwabo wapfuye mu buryo bw’umutuzo.

“Abenshi bavuga ko kubaho bafite ubutaka bwakomotse ku wo bakundaga bibafasha kumva ko bataramuta. Ubu buryo burengera ibidukikije, kandi butuma urupfu rutaba iherezo ry’ubuzima,” niko asobanura.

Impamvu abantu babuhitamo

Mu myaka ya vuba, uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyingura bwagiye bugirwaho ingaruka n’ikibazo cy’aho gushyingura hagenda hacika. Muri Amerika, imva zigaragara nk’ibikoresho by’ubucuruzi binini, aho buri santimetero y’ubutaka igira igiciro. Gushyingura umuntu mu buryo busanzwe bishobora gutwara amafaranga ari hagati ya $7,000 na $15,000, mu gihe uburyo bwa human composting butwara hagati ya $3,000 na $5,000.

Ababukoresha bavuga ko butanga agaciro gakomeye ku muntu wapfuye, kandi bugira uruhare mu kurengera ibidukikije kuko butakenera isanduku z’amatafari, amabara cyangwa ibyuma bitabora.

Dr. Emily Carter, umushakashatsi mu bijyanye n’imicungire y’umwanda muri Kaminuza ya Oregon, avuga ko “guhindura imirambo ubutaka” ari intambwe ikomeye mu kubaka ejo hazaza habungabunga ibidukikije.

“Iyo umuntu atwitswe, haba hagiye mu kirere ibyuka bya karuboni nyinshi; iyo ashyinguwe mu isanduku, hakoreshwa amavuta, ibiti n’ibikoresho bitabora. Ariko muri ubu buryo, byose bihinduka isoko y’ubuzima bushya,” Carter.

Amategeko n’imyumvire ya rubanda

N’ubwo ubu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko muri leta 14, ntibwemewe hose muri Amerika. Amadini amwe arimo Kiliziya Gatolika n’amatorero ya Gikristo y’ivugabutumwa, avuga ko ubu buryo “butesha icyubahiro umubiri waremwe n’Imana.” Ariko abandi bavuga ko nta kibazo kuko ari ukugaruka mu butaka nk’uko Bibiliya ibivuga: “Uri umukungugu kandi uzagaruka mu mukungugu.”

Muri Leta ya New York, aho ubu buryo bwemejwe mu 2023, hari abaturage bavuga ko batari bacyumva impamvu umurambo wagirwa ivu cyangwa ukajugunywa, mu gihe ushobora gufasha isi gukomeza gutanga umusaruro.

Karen Lee, umwe mu baturage wigeze gukoresha ubu buryo kuri se wapfuye, yaravuze ati:

“Papa yari umuturage ukunda ibidukikije. Twahisemo kumuhindura ubutaka kuko twari tuzi ko ari cyo yashakaga. Ubu aho dutera indabo mu busitani, tuba tumwibuka buri munsi.”

Uko isi ibifata

Ubu buryo ntabwo ari ubwa Amerika gusa. Mu Buholandi, Suwede na Kanada naho hari inama ziri kwigirwa anantu ku buryo bwo kubukoresha. Ibihugu byinshi bikomeje gusuzuma uko byabushyiraho amategeko, mu gihe abahanga mu bidukikije babona ari kimwe mu bisubizo bizima by’ahazaza.

Mu kigo Return Home, kugeza muri Nzeri 2025, abantu basaga 2,500 bamaze guhindurwa ubutaka, naho abandi 5,000 bamaze kwiyandikisha ngo bazakorwe ubwo buryo nibamara gupfa.

Mu isi ihangayikishijwe no gucika kw’ahantu ho gushyingura, ubushyuhe bw’isi n’imyanda ikabije, uburyo bwo guhindura imirambo ubutaka bwifashishwa mu buhinzi burasa nk’ubuvumbuzi bushobora guhindura imyumvire y’abantu ku rupfu.

Ku bantu bamwe, ni uburyo bwo kugarura umuntu mu buzima bwa buri munsi, aho ubutaka bwe buhingwamo ibiti, indabo n’ibihingwa. Ku bandi, ni uburyo bwo kubaho mu kuri kw’isi: kuba umukungugu, ukagaruka mu mukungugu, ariko ugasiga ubuzima nyuma yawe.

Nk’uko Briena Smith abisoza:

“Nta wundi muco utwibutsa ko turi igice cy’isi nk’uyu. Iyo umubiri uhindutse ubutaka, uba usubiye mu rugo.”

 

Iyi nkuru yateguwe hashingiwe ku makuru atangwa n’ikigo Return Home, ubushakashatsi bwa Dr. Emily Carter (Oregon University) n’amategeko ya Amerika ajyanye n’uburyo bushya bwo gushyingura abantu.