Uko FARDC yasohoye itangazo rikomeye ryo gusaba FDLR gushyira intwaro hasi no gusubira mu Rwanda
Uko FARDC yasohoye itangazo rikomeye ryo gusaba FDLR gushyira intwaro hasi no gusubira mu Rwanda
Mu gihe intara z’Amajyaruguru ashyira Uburengerazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo zikomeje kuba ahantu h’imvururu n’imirwano ishingiye ku mitwe yitwaje intwaro, Igisirikare cya Congo (FARDC) cyasohoye itangazo No 29 ryo kuwa 10 Ukwakira 2025, risaba ku mugaragaro abarwanyi bose ba FDLR (Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda) gushyira intwaro hasi, bakishyikiriza ubutegetsi bwa Congo cyangwa ingabo za Loni ziri mu gihugu (MONUSCO), hagamijwe kubafasha gusubira mu gihugu cyabo cy’u Rwanda.
Iri tangazo ryasinywe na General Major Ekenge Bomusa Efomi Sylvain, Umuvugizi w’Ingabo za FARDC, risobanura ko iki gikorwa kiri mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa “itegeko ry’igisirikare” ryashyizweho ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 2025, rishingiye ku byemezo byafatiwe i Washington DC, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ku bufatanye bwa Congo n’u Rwanda, ndetse no ku buhuza bwa Amerika. Iryo sezerano rizwi nka “Accord de Washington”, ryasinywe ku wa 1 Ukwakira 2025, ryari rigamije gutangiza inzira nshya yo kugarura amahoro mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, ahamaze imyaka irenga 25 haba intambara z’urudaca.
Inzira nshya y’amahoro nyuma y’amasezerano ya Washington
Nk’uko bigaragara muri iri tangazo, FARDC yavuze ko iri gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza yavuye mu nama yiswe “Comité conjoint de supervision”, ari wo muryango ushinzwe gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ayo masezerano. Iri tangazo ryashyizwe ahabona nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri gusa ayo masezerano asinywe, aho abayobozi ba Congo n’u Rwanda bemeranyije gukorana mu kurandura imitwe yitwaje intwaro irimo FDLR, mai-mai, na M23, mu rwego rwo kurangiza burundu ibibazo by’umutekano muke bimaze imyaka myinshi hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Mu magambo arambuye, FARDC yagize iti:
“Les Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo appellent toutes les factions des Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda à déposer les armes et à se rendre aux autorités congolaises ou à la MONUSCO, en vue de leur rapatriement dans leur pays d’origine, le Rwanda.”
Bivuze ko ingabo za Congo zisaba imitwe yose yitwaje intwaro iyobowe n’abahoze mu ngabo za Leta y’u Rwanda cyangwa abahoze mu barwanyi ba FDLR ko bagomba guhita bashyira intwaro hasi nta yandi mananiza, bagafatanya n’ubuyobozi bwa Congo mu rugendo rwo gusubizwa mu Rwanda.
Abaturage basabwe kwitandukanya na FDLR
FARDC yasabye kandi abaturage batuye mu duce duhana imbibi n’imirwano cyangwa aho FDLR ikorera, kwitandukanya n’aba barwanyi no kubafasha kumva ko urugamba barwana rutagira inyungu ku gihugu cya Congo. Itangazo rigira riti:
“Les Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo demandent en outre aux populations en contact avec les FDLR de se désolidariser de ces rebelles rwandais et de les sensibiliser pour se rendre sans conditions.”
Ni ubutumwa bugaragara nk’ubujyanye n’imyanzuro ya Washington isaba ko abaturage bo mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo batakomeza kuba igikoresho mu ntambara z’abanyamahanga, cyane cyane mu bice bya Rutshuru, Masisi na Walikale, aho bamwe mu baturage bari bamaze imyaka babana n’abarwanyi b’inkambi za FDLR.
Abasesenguzi b’umutekano bavuga ko ubu ari bwo bwa mbere mu mateka ya vuba FARDC isohoye itangazo rifite imvugo yoroheje ariko isobanutse, rigaragaza ko hari impinduka mu buryo igihugu cya Congo gifata ikibazo cya FDLR kikaba kirebwa nk’ikibazo cy’imbere gikeneye igisubizo cya dipolomasi n’amahoro, aho kuba intambara idashira.
FARDC yihanangirije abasirikare bayo bakorana na FDLR
Iri tangazo kandi rihanangirije abasirikare ba FARDC bose bashobora kuba bafite imikoranire n’abarwanyi ba FDLR. Rigira riti:
“Les Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo rappellent à tous leurs militaires l’interdiction de collaborer, d’une manière ou d’une autre, avec les FDLR. Toute violation expose son auteur à des sanctions sévères.”
Iri jambo ryakiriwe nk’umuhamagaro ukomeye kuri bamwe mu basirikare bo mu Burasirazuba bashinjwaga n’imiryango mpuzamahanga guhanahana amakuru cyangwa ibikoresho n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro irimo FDLR. Ubusanzwe, FDLR yakunze kugirirwa icyizere gike n’abayobozi b’u Rwanda, bavuga ko ari umutwe washinzwe n’abahoze mu ngabo zakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko iri tangazo rishobora kuba ari igisubizo ku birego byakunze gukorerwa FARDC byo gufasha bamwe mu barwanyi ba FDLR mu bikorwa byo guhangana n’inyeshyamba za M23. Kubyamagana ku mugaragaro bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy’uko Kinshasa ishaka kwerekana ubushake bwo gukorera mu mucyo imbere y’amahanga.
FDLR mu nzira y’amateka yisumbuyeho
FDLR ni umutwe washinzwe mu 2000 mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, ukaba ugizwe ahanini n’abahoze mu ngabo z’u Rwanda n’abasivili bahunze nyuma ya Jenoside. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, uyu mutwe wakomeje kugaba ibitero mu majyaruguru ya Kivu, uhohotera abaturage ndetse unashinjwa ibyaha by’intambara n’ubwicanyi bwabaye akarande. N’ubwo wagiye ugabanuka mu ngufu, wagumanye agace kanini k’ubutaka mu misozi ya Kivu no mu mashyamba ya Virunga.
Kuva muri 2010, ibikorwa byawo byagiye bigabanuka kubera ibitero bihoraho bya FARDC na MONUSCO, ariko ukomeza kugira uruhare mu guhungabanya umutekano. Abayobozi ba FDLR benshi nka ba General Mudacumura na Byiringiro bakunze kuvugwaho guhungira mu bihugu bituranyi nyuma y’ibitero bikomeye.
“Desarmement par contrainte” – Ijambo riremereye
Mu gusoza iri tangazo, FARDC yagize ikiganiro gikomeye kigamije kwerekana ko uburyo bwose bwo kuganira n’abarwanyi bugomba kuba bwubahirije amahoro, ariko ko mu gihe hagaragaye kwanga gushyira intwaro hasi, igisirikare kitazazuyaza gukoresha ingufu. Amagambo agira ati:
“En cas de résistance et de refus d’obtempérer, les FARDC procéderont au désarmement par contrainte ou par usage de la force.”
Aha niho benshi babonye ko, n’ubwo Kinshasa irimo kugerageza inzira y’amahoro, igisirikare cyayo cyiteguye kugaba ibitero simusiga mu gihe FDLR itakwitaba ubu butumire. Ku rundi ruhande, MONUSCO yagaragaje ko yiteguye gufasha mu gukusanya intwaro n’abarwanyi bazahitamo gusubira mu Rwanda, ariko igasaba ko byose bikorwa mu mucyo no mu kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Impamvu iri tangazo rifite agaciro gakomeye muri politiki y’akarere
Abashakashatsi mu bya dipolomasi bemeza ko iri tangazo rya FARDC rishobora gufungura urupapuro rushya mu mubano wa Kigali na Kinshasa. Nyuma y’imyaka ibarirwa muri mirongo y’ibirego, imitwe yitwaje intwaro yifashishwaga nk’abahuza cyangwa abanzi b’impande zombi, ubu hasohotse inyandiko ya mbere ishyiraho umurongo uhamye wo kugarura amahoro ku mugaragaro.
Umwe mu mpuguke mu bibazo by’umutekano wo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, Dr. Alexis Kasereka, yabwiye La Voix du Congo ati:
“Iri tangazo si urupapuro rusanzwe, ni itangiriro ry’amasezerano ya Washington mu buryo bwa gisirikare. FARDC yerekanye ko ishaka amahoro, ariko kandi ikerekana ko idashobora kwihanganira abarwanya gahunda y’igihugu.”
Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, n’ubwo nta tangazo ryihariye ryasohotse, bamwe mu banyamakuru bo muri Kigali bavuze ko iri tangazo rishobora kwakirwa nk’icyizere gishya nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’amakimbirane.
Umwanzuro: Umuhanda w’amahoro uratangiye ariko uzaba muremure
Itangazo No 29 rya FARDC ryanditswe mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa, ariko ubutumwa bwarivuyemo bwumvikanye mu Karere kose: “FDLR igomba gushyira intwaro hasi.” Hari ababona ko iri tangazo ari intambwe y’ingenzi mu rugendo rwo gusubiza amahoro mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, ariko hakaba n’ababona ko inzira igikomeje kuba ndende, kuko hari imitwe myinshi yitwaje intwaro itarashyirwa ku murongo n’amasezerano ya Washington.
Ariko icyo benshi bemeza ni uko, kuva aya masezerano yasinywa, umwuka wa dipolomasi hagati ya Kinshasa, Kigali na Washington watangiye kugenda usubira ku murongo. Niba aya masezerano azagira icyo ahindura mu buzima bw’abaturage bo muri Kivu, byose bizaterwa n’uko ibihugu byombi bizabyitwaramo mu bikorwa.
Kuri ubu, amaso y’Isi yose arekereje ku Burasirazuba bwa Congo, aho amateka y’imyaka irenga 25 y’intambara ashobora gusimburwa n’itangira ry’igihe gishya cy’amahoro.
Umwe mu bakurikiranira hafi amakuru y’ibibera muri repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya congo, yatangaje ko ngo bateguye udusaza n’abarwayi ba FDLR, ko aribo bagiye kujya muri MONUSCO
Ni amakuru akomeje gutera impaka mu itangazamakuru no mu nzobere zicukumbura iby’umutekano mu karere.
Uwo ukurikiranira hafi ibibera muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yavuze ko igikorwa cyo gushyikiriza MONUSCO bamwe mu barwanyi ba FDLR kitagenda nk’uko byatangajwe mu itangazo rya FARDC No 29, kuko ngo hari amayeri yateguwe yo kohereza udusaza n’abarwayi, aho koherezwa abarwanyi nyabo bafite ubushobozi bwo kurwana.
Amakuru yaturutse imbere mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo
Uwo watanze amakuru utifuje ko amazina ye atangazwa ku mpamvu z’umutekano, yabwiye itangazamakuru ryigenga rikorera i Goma ko:
“Hari gahunda iri gutegurwa yo kohereza ku mugaragaro abakecuru, abarwayi n’abasigaye batakibasha kwitwara neza, ngo bagaragare nk’abashyize intwaro hasi, ariko abarwanyi bakomeye bazakomeza kuguma mu mashyamba.”
Yongeyeho ko ubwo buryo bushobora kuba inzira yo kubeshya impande zose harimo Loni, Leta ya Congo ndetse n’u Rwanda kugira ngo bigaragare ko hari intambwe iterwa mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano ya Washington, nyamara ku butaka ntihabe impinduka ifatika.
Icyo abasesenguzi babivugaho
Impuguke mu bijyanye n’umutekano wo mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, Prof. Jean-Baptiste Muhindo, avuga ko aya makuru atatunguranye:
“Mu mateka ya Congo, imitwe myinshi yitwaje intwaro yakunze gukoresha amayeri nk’ayo yo kohereza abantu batari abasirikare nyabo, kugira ngo bagaragare nk’abashyize intwaro hasi. Ni uburyo bwo kujijisha no gukomeza gucunga imirongo y’imbere.”
Yongeraho ko niba koko FDLR iri gukoresha ubwo buryo, byaba bigaragaza ko idafite ubushake bw’ukuri bwo gushyira intwaro hasi, kandi byashyira mu kaga amasezerano ya Washington, ashingiye ku bwizerane hagati ya Kinshasa na Kigali.
Uko MONUSCO ibifata
Ku ruhande rwa MONUSCO, umuvugizi wayo mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, Madame Florence Marchal, yabwiye abanyamakuru ko bamenye ayo makuru ariko ko bitarasobanuka neza niba ari ukuri cyangwa ari ibihuha byatangiye gukwirakwizwa n’abashaka kudindiza gahunda.
“Turasaba ko habaho kugenzura kwa buri umwe ushaka gushyikirizwa MONUSCO. Abashyira intwaro hasi bagomba kuba abarwanyi koko, kandi hakagenderwa ku rutonde ruzwi n’ubuyobozi bwa FARDC.”
Yasobanuye kandi ko MONUSCO ifite urwego rwihariye rwo kugenzura intwaro, n’uburyo bwo kubaza ku mugaragaro aho izo ntwaro zatanzwe, kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho kwiyoberanya cyangwa kugurisha amahoro mu buryo bwa politiki.
Ibyo bivuze ku masezerano ya Washington
Amasezerano yasinyiwe i Washington ku wa 1 Ukwakira 2025 yari yitezweho byinshi: kugarura umwuka w’ubwizerane hagati y’u Rwanda na Congo, ndetse no kwegereza amahoro abaturage bo mu Burasirazuba. Ariko niba koko hari gushaka gukina ku mubyimba wa dipolomasi, bishobora gusubiza inyuma intambwe yari imaze guterwa.
Umwe mu banyapolitiki bo muri Kinshasa, utashatse kugaragazwa mu itangazamakuru, yagize ati:
“Niba FDLR igiye kohereza abakecuru n’abarwayi ngo bigaragaze nk’abashyize intwaro hasi, bizaba ari ukugaragaza ko nta bushake bafite bwo kugaruka mu Rwanda, kandi ko barimo gukina n’ubuyobozi bwa Congo nk’uko babikoze mu myaka 20 ishize.”
Ingaruka ku baturage
Abaturage bo mu duce twa Rutshuru na Masisi, aho FDLR ikigaragara cyane, batangaza ko batizera cyane iyi gahunda. Umuturage witwa Mateso André yagize ati:
“Twabonye gahunda nyinshi nka ziriya z’amahoro, ariko buri gihe abo barwanyi babaga bafite amayeri. Babanza kohereza abakecuru, abana cyangwa abarwayi, ariko abafite intwaro bagakomeza kuguma mu mashyamba. Twebwe turifuza amahoro nyakuri, atari ayo ku mpapuro.”
FARDC ntiragira icyo ibivugaho ku mugaragaro
Kugeza ubu, ubuyobozi bwa FARDC ntiburagira icyo butangaza ku makuru avuga ko hari gahunda yo gukina ku mubyimba ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’itangazo No 29. Ariko abasesenguzi bavuga ko ari ikizamini gikomeye kuri General Ekenge Bomusa Efomi, washyize umukono kuri iri tangazo, aho agomba kugaragaza ko atari amagambo gusa, ahubwo ari gahunda ifite uburemere n’igenzura rihamye.
Mu gihe isi yose ikomeje gukurikiranira hafi uko amasezerano ya Washington ashyirwa mu bikorwa, amakuru avuga ko hari amayeri yo kohereza abakecuru n’abarwayi ba FDLR muri MONUSCO yatumye benshi bibaza niba koko hari ubushake bwo kurangiza ikibazo cy’imitwe yitwaje intwaro mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo.
Abaturage bo muri Kivu bavuga ko bashaka kubona ibimenyetso bifatika by’amahoro, aho kubona imitwe ishyira intwaro hasi byaba bisimbuye imyaka y’intambara. Ariko, niba koko hari ugukina ku mubyimba, intambwe y’amahoro ishobora gusubira inyuma nk’uko byagiye bigenda kenshi mu mateka y’icyo gihugu.
