Agahinda k’ababyeyi: Ingaruka ku buzima n’imitekerereze y’abana

Agahinda k’ababyeyi: Ingaruka ku buzima n’imitekerereze y’abana

Mu gihe umuryango wose ugira uruhare runini mu mikurire y’umwana, ubushakashatsi buherutse kwerekana ko ababyeyi bonsa abana babo agahinda n’amarangamutima mabi bashobora gutuma abana bahura n’ingaruka z’igihe kirekire ku buzima bwabo bwo mu mutwe, ku myitwarire ndetse no ku mibereho yabo y’ejo hazaza.

Ababyeyi bakunze kwibwira ko guha abana ibihano, kubabwira amagambo akomeretsa cyangwa kugaragaza uburakari bitazagira ingaruka, ariko ibimenyetso byo mu bushakashatsi biratwereka ko ibi bishobora gutuma abana bagira ibibazo bikomeye mu mitekerereze no mu mibanire yabo n’abandi.

1. Uruhare rw’ababyeyi mu mikurire y’umwana

Abana bakura bareba ababyeyi babo nk’urugero rwa mbere rw’imibanire n’isi. Iyo ababyeyi bafite amarangamutima mabi cyangwa bakunze guhubuka, abana bagira:

• Ihungabana ry’imitekerereze: Umwana ashobora guhora mu bwoba no kwiheba, agatakaza icyizere ku bantu no ku buzima bwe.
• Kugira imyitwarire mibi: Kurwana, gusuzugura amategeko, kutita ku masomo, cyangwa kwigira wenyine.
• Ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe: Anxiety, depression, PTSD, no gutakaza ubushake bwo gukora ibikorwa by’ingirakamaro.
• Imibanire mibi n’abandi: Kutizera abantu, kwigunga, no kugira ikibazo cyo kwifatanya n’abandi mu mikino cyangwa mu masomo.

Dr. Nadine Mukarurangwa, umujyanama mu by’imitekerereze y’abana (child psychologist), avuga ko “Umwana ubona ababyeyi be bahorana agahinda cyangwa barakaye, bigira ingaruka ku buryo yizera isi, ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo ku buryo bwiza. Iyo ikibazo gikomeje, bishobora kugera no ku buzima bw’umubiri, nko kurwara umutima, gucika intege mu mirire no kubura ubushobozi bwo kwiyitaho.”

2. Impamvu abana bagira izi ngaruka

Abana bakurira mu muryango ufite amarangamutima mabi bigira ingaruka z’igihe kirekire kubera:

• Kwimenyereza amarangamutima mabi: Iyo umwana akunda kubona agahinda cyangwa ibitotsi by’uburakari, yumva ko ari ibisanzwe, bigatuma nawe yiyumvamo ko isi ari ahantu hatari heza.
• Stress ikabije: Agahinda k’ababyeyi kagaragara ku mwana gashobora gutera stress idakenewe, bigatuma umwana arwara umutima, guhumeka nabi cyangwa ibindi bibazo by’ubuzima.
• Guhindura imyumvire ku buzima: Umwana ashobora kwiga ko amarangamutima mabi ari ibisanzwe, bikamugiraho ingaruka mu mibanire ye n’abandi no mu mikurire ye.

3. Uburyo bwo gukumira ingaruka

Ababyeyi bashobora gufasha abana babo gukura neza kandi mu mutuzo mu buryo bukurikira:

• Kumenya gucunga amarangamutima: Guhagarika guhubuka no gukoresha amagambo akomeretsa, ahubwo bagashaka uburyo bwo kwigisha umwana kubana n’ibibazo.
• Guhumuriza no gushyigikira umwana: Kwereka umwana ko akundwa kandi ko afite agaciro, kumwereka urukundo rutagira akagero.
• Kuganira n’umwana: Gutegura igihe cyo kumva ibitekerezo n’ibibazo by’umwana, kumwereka ko ashobora kuvuga ibyo atekereza atabangamiwe.
• Kugisha inama y’umwuga: Gushaka abajyanama mu by’imitekerereze y’abana, abaganga b’abana (pediatricians) cyangwa abajyanama b’ishuri mu gihe ikibazo gikomeye.

Dr. Mukarurangwa akomeza avuga ko “Gutanga urukundo ruhoraho, kubaka icyizere, no gufasha umwana kumenya amarangamutima ye ari ingenzi cyane. Iyo ibi bitubahirijwe, ingaruka zishobora kumara igihe kirekire, zigahungabanya imibanire y’umwana n’abandi ndetse no mu mikorere ye ya buri munsi.”

4. Ubushakashatsi bwemeza izi ngaruka

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ishami ry’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe ku bana (Child Mind Institute) bwagaragaje ko abana bonswa agahinda kenshi n’ababyeyi bafite ibibazo by’umutima:

• 70% bagaragaza ihungabana ry’imitekerereze mu myaka ibanza y’ubuto.
• 50% bagaragaza ibibazo byo kwiga no mu mibanire n’abandi.
• 40% bahura n’ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bikomeye (depression, anxiety).

Ibi byose byerekana ko umuryango wita ku buryo ababyeyi bagaragaza amarangamutima ugira uruhare rukomeye mu mikurire y’umwana, mu buryo bw’umubiri n’ubw’imitekerereze.

5. Icyo ababyeyi bakwiye kumenya

Ababyeyi bakwiye kwibuka ko umwana atari igikoresho cyo kugaragariza uburakari cyangwa agahinda kabo, ahubwo ari umuntu ugomba kurindwa, gukundwa no gufashwa gukura mu buryo bwiza. Ibikorwa by’ababyeyi bifite ingaruka ku buryo:

• Umwana yizera abandi.
• Yitwara neza mu mashuri no mu buzima busanzwe.
• Yubaka imibanire myiza n’abandi.
• Yigira ku buzima bwiza bwo mu mutwe n’umubiri.

Kwiga uburyo bwo gucunga amarangamutima, gushyiraho gahunda z’uburere bwiza, no gushaka ubufasha igihe bibaye ngombwa ni ingenzi ku muryango wose.

Mu ncamake, abana bonse agahinda n’amarangamutima mabi bakunze guhura n’ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho yabo, imitekerereze n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. Ibi bigaragaza ko ababyeyi bafite inshingano yo kwita ku buzima bw’umwana mu buryo bwuzuye, bakamurinda ingaruka z’amarangamutima mabi, bagamije kumufasha gukura mu mutuzo, icyizere n’urukundo.

Kumenya gucunga amarangamutima, gushyigikira umwana, kumva ibitekerezo bye, no gushaka ubufasha bw’umwuga nibyo bizatuma umwana akura afite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibibazo, kugira imibanire myiza n’abandi, no kugira imibereho myiza y’ejo hazaza.