UMWANA ASHOBORA GUHURA N’IHUNGABANA AKIRI MU NDA AKARIKURANA
UMWANA ASHOBORA GUHURA N’IHUNGABANA AKIRI MU NDA AKARIKURANA
Mu buzima busanzwe, iyo tuvuga ihungabana (trauma), benshi batekereza ku muntu wabonye urugomo, intambara cyangwa ibyago bikomeye nyuma yo kuba akuze. Ariko ubushakashatsi bugezweho mu by’ubuzima bw’imitekerereze bwerekana ko ihungabana rishobora gutangira mbere y’uko umuntu avuka, mu gihe akiri mu nda ya nyina. Abahanga bemeza ko amarangamutima n’ubuzima umubyeyi atwite anyuramo bishobora kugera ku mwana akiri mu nda, bikamusigira igikomere gikomeza no mu buzima amaze kuvuka.
Ihungabana ry’umubyeyi n’ingaruka ku mwana uri mu nda
Iyo umubyeyi utwite ahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye, umubiri we urekura imisemburo myinshi ya stress nka cortisol na adrenaline. Iyi misemburo irenga ku rwego rwo hejuru ishobora gucengera mu mutsi uhuza nyina n’umwana (placenta), bigatuma umwana nawe yumva nk’uri mu bihe bikomeye. Bityo, n’ubwo adafite ubushobozi bwo gusobanukirwa neza iby’isi, umwana akurikirana ibibera ku mubiri n’amarangamutima bya nyina.
Urugero, iyo umubyeyi apfushije umuvandimwe cyangwa ahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye by’urugomo, ibyo byose bimushyira mu marira n’agahinda gakomeye. Iyo amarangamutima nk’ayo akomeje igihe kirekire, umwana arabyumva mu buryo bwihariye, bikaba byamuzanira ihungabana rizamurikirana n’igihe azaba amaze kuvuka.
Ibyo abahanga bavuga
Dr. Niyonsaba Marie Louise, impuguke mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe mu bana, avuga ko:
“Umwana uri mu nda atari nk’igiti cyatewe kitagira kumva. Afite uburyo bw’umubiri bumwemerera kumva amarangamutima ya nyina. Iyo nyina akomeje guhura n’akaga, umwana nawe atangira gukurana ubwoba. Niho usanga hari abana bavuka badafite amahoro, barira cyane, badashaka gusinzira, kandi bigakomereza mu buzima bwabo bwose.”
Ibi bishimangirwa n’ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu Budage ku bana bavutse nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi (WWII). Abo bana, n’ubwo batari barabonye ibisasu cyangwa amarorerwa y’intambara n’amaso yabo, bagaragaje ibibazo byinshi byo mu mutwe nk’impungenge, kudatuza no kugira ubwoba bwinshi. Abashakashatsi bemeje ko ari ingaruka z’ihungabana ababyeyi babo banyuzemo igihe bari batwite.
Ingaruka ku mwana amaze kuvuka
Umwana wahuye n’ihungabana akiri mu nda ashobora kuzagaragaza ibimenyetso byinshi mu buzima bwe. Muri byo twavuga:
Kuvuka afite ubwoba bwinshi; abana nk’aba bakangurwa n’urusaku ruto cyane, bakikanga ibintu abandi bana bafata nk’ibisanzwe.
Kubura ituze; umwana akurana umujinya, arira kenshi, adashaka gusinzira kandi agahorana umuvundo udasanzwe.
Ibibazo mu myigire; mu mashuri, abana nk’aba baba bafite ikibazo cyo kurangara, kwiga bikabagora kubera ihungabana ryimbitse rikomeje kubakurikirana.
Gukurana impungenge z’igihe kirekire; hari abakuze bafite impungenge nyinshi ku buzima bwabo n’ubw’abandi, batinya ibintu byinshi bidasanzwe.
Kuba abantu batizerana; bamwe mu bana bahuye n’ihungabana mu nda bakura batizera abandi bantu, bagira ikibazo mu rukundo cyangwa mu kubaka umuryango.
Ingero zifatika
Mu Rwanda, nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, hari ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko abana bavutse nyuma yayo bagaragaza ibibazo by’imitekerereze bimwe na bimwe. Bamwe muri abo bana bavukiye mu miryango yahuye n’ibyago bikomeye, ababyeyi babo bakiri mu kaga no mu gahinda. Abahanga bagaragaje ko amarangamutima y’ababyeyi babo yanyuze mu nda bakibatwite, bikagira ingaruka ku mitekerereze yabo.
Umwe mu babyeyi witwa Mukamana vestine wo mu Karere ka Bugesera yagize ati:
“Nari ntwite ubwo Jenoside yabaga. Nari mfite ubwoba bwinshi, sinaryaga, sinasinziraga. Umwana wanjye amaze kuvuka yahoraga arira, atagira ituze. Ubu amaze gukura ariko akunda kugira impungenge n’ubwoba bwinshi, ndetse arakazwa n’ibintu byinshi bitari bikwiye.”
Uburyo bwo kubikumira
Abahanga bavuga ko ihungabana ry’umwana akiri mu nda ritavaho burundu, ariko hari uburyo bwo kurikumira cyangwa se kuricisha bugufi.
Kwita ku mubyeyi utwite: ababyeyi batwite bagomba guhabwa inkunga y’amarangamutima n’iy’umubiri. Aha harimo kugira umuryango ubashyigikira, inshuti zibafasha n’igihugu cyita ku buzima bwabo.
Ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe: umubyeyi uhangayitse cyane asabwa kujya kwa muganga cyangwa umujyanama w’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe (psychologist) kugira ngo afashwe kwikura mu gahinda n’ihungabana.
Kwirinda ibintu bibatera ihungabana: n’ubwo rimwe na rimwe bidashoboka, ariko birakwiye ko ababyeyi batwite birinda ibitera urusaku, intambara cyangwa amagambo akomeretsa.
Isengesho n’ituze: bamwe mu baganga bemera ko umubyeyi utwite aramutse akunda gusenga, kuririmba indirimbo zituje, cyangwa kwitabira ibikorwa by’urukundo n’amahoro, umwana abikurana nk’umwuka mwiza.
Kurya indyo yuzuye no kuruhuka bihagije: ibi bifasha umubiri gucunga neza imisemburo ya stress, bigatuma n’umwana abona umwuka wo gukura neza.
Uko byakosorwa nyuma yo kuvuka
N’ubwo umwana yaba yarahuye n’ihungabana akiri mu nda, hari uburyo bwo kumufasha gukira. Harimo:
Gukurira mu rukundo: umwana uhabwa urukundo n’ubwitange buhoraho abasha kugenda akira gahoro gahoro.
Ubujyanama bwihariye: abana bagaragaza ibibazo bikomeye bashobora gufashwa n’abajyanama b’abana.
Gutozwa ubuzima bw’ituze: gukina, gusoma, gusabana n’abandi bana bazima, byose bituma umwana agira ibihe bishya byiza bisimbura ihungabana rya kera.
Ihungabana ry’umwana akiri mu nda ni ikintu gisa nk’icyo tudakunze kugarukaho, ariko rifite ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’umwana bwose. Ni ingenzi ko imiryango, ababyeyi n’inzego z’ubuzima bafatanya kugira ngo umubyeyi utwite agire ubuzima bwiza, kuko ariho hatangirira ubuzima buzira ihungabana.
Umwana uri mu nda ntabwo ari “ikintu” kidafite kumva, ahubwo ni umuntu ufite ubumenyi bushingiye ku marangamutima y’umubyeyi. Iyo ababyeyi batamwitayeho akiri mu nda, bishobora kumukurikirana mu buzima bwe bwose.
Nk’uko Dr. Niyonsaba abivuga: “Kwita ku mubyeyi utwite si ukumwitaho wenyine, ahubwo ni no kwita ku buzima bw’ejo hazaza bw’umwana uzavuka. Iyo dufashije umubyeyi kugira ituze, tuba dukinguye umuryango w’ejo kugira amahoro n’umudendezo.”
