UBUHANGA BUSHYA BWO MU BUSHINWA: ROBOT ZISHOBORA GUTWITIRA UMUNTU

UBUHANGA BUSHYA BWO MU BUSHINWA: ROBOT ZISHOBORA GUTWITIRA UMUNTU

Isi yose ikomeje gukurikirana amatsiko n’impungenge inkuru ivuga ko mu Bushinwa hari abashakashatsi bari gukora kuri robot idasanzwe izashobora gutwitira umuntu, kugeza umwana avutse. Ubu bushakashatsi bwatangajwe mu bitangazamakuru byo muri Aziya ndetse n’ibinyamakuru mpuzamahanga, bukomeje gutera impaka ku rwego rw’ubumenyi, imibanire n’imyemerere ya muntu, ndetse n’ahazaza h’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga.

U Bushinwa busanzwe buza mu bihugu biri imbere ku isi mu ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku Artificial Intelligence (AI), kuri robotics, ndetse no ku bushakashatsi bwa genetics. Iyi robot iri kuvugisha benshi, yiswe n’abashakashatsi “Artificial Womb Robot”, igamije gukora ibyo inda isanzwe ikora mu mubiri w’umugore: kwakira intanga n’icyitwa embryo, kugiha aho gikurira, kugihereza intungamubiri n’amaraso nk’uko biva ku mubyeyi, kugeza igihe umwana avukiye.

UKO UBUSHINWA BUSOBANURA IKI GITEKEREZO

Abashakashatsi bo mu kigo cya Institute of Biomedical Engineering muri Beijing bavuga ko intego ari ukorohereza imiryango idashobora kubyara ku buryo busanzwe cyangwa abagore bafite ibibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima bituma batwita bigorana.

Dr. Liu Cheng, umwe mu bashakashatsi bari imbere mu mushinga, yagize ati:

“Iyi robot ntabwo igamije gusimbura abagore mu buryo bw’umwimerere, ahubwo ni ugutanga ubufasha ku bagize imbogamizi zo gutwita. Turashaka kugaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga rishobora gufasha mu kubungabunga ubuzima no gutanga icyizere ku miryango myinshi.”

Robot izaba ifite ibice bitandukanye by’imbere bikorwa mu buryo busa n’uko igice cy’inda gikorana n’umwana mu nda y’umubyeyi. Izaba ifite imiyoboro itanga intungamubiri, uburyo bwo guha umwana umwuka (oxygen), uburyo bwo gukurikirana imisemburo (hormones), ndetse n’imashini ishinzwe kugenzura uko umwana akura ku buryo bw’amasaha 24 kuri 24.

GUSUBIZA IBIBAZO BY’UBURYO BWO GUTWITA

Abahanga bavuga ko mu myaka iri imbere, abantu bashobora kubona “ibitaro byihariye by’inda z’icyuma”, aho abagore batabasha kubyara bazajya bageza intanga zabo n’iza bagenzi babo, bigashyirwa muri izo robot kugeza igihe umwana avuka.

Ibi nibyo byatumye benshi babona ko bishobora kuba ari igisubizo ku bibazo by’uburumbuke buke bikomeje kugaragara mu bihugu byinshi, cyane cyane mu Bushinwa ubwabwo, aho ikigereranyo cy’abana bavuka buri mwaka cyagabanutse cyane mu myaka 10 ishize.

Kuba abaturage bageze mu zabukuru bariyongereye kandi abasore n’abakobwa benshi bakaba badashaka kubyara cyangwa badashaka gushaka, byatumye leta y’u Bushinwa yihutira gutekereza ku bisubizo bishobora guha abaturage ubushobozi bwo kugira abana mu buryo butandukanye n’ubusanzwe.

IMPUNGEGE ZITANGWA N’ABANDI

N’ubwo hari ababona ubu buhanga nk’igitangaza, abandi babubona nk’ikintu giteye impungenge ku mibanire ya muntu.

Dr. Wang Mei, impuguke mu mibanire n’imyemerere, yagize ati:

“Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bumuntu bwacu. Umwana utavukiye mu nda y’umubyeyi we, aho twamushyira? Ese tuzavuga ko afite umubyeyi cyangwa ari igihangano cy’ikoranabuhanga?”

Abandi bavuga ko ibi bishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye mu mategeko n’imyemerere:

• Ese umwana wavutse atwitiwe na robot azafatwa nk’uwavutse ku mubyeyi runaka?
• Ese abagabo cyangwa imiryango ikize ntibazabyitirira kugenzura ubuzima n’abana mu buryo bwagutse, bikaba byavamo ikibazo cy’ivangura?
• Ese idini n’amadini atandukanye azakira gute ibi bikorwa by’ubumenyi?

Abashakashatsi bo mu Burayi na Amerika bamaze gutangira kwibaza niba koko umuntu yiteguye kwakira ubuzima bw’ikoranabuhanga rurenze imipaka y’ibisanzwe.

UKO UMUKINO W’UBUMENYI UKOMEJE

U Bushinwa ntabwo ari bwo bwonyine buri gukora kuri iki gitekerezo. Muri 2022, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi muri Isiraheli ryigeze gutangaza ko bakoze “artificial womb” yabashije gukuriramo ibyana by’imbeba (mouse embryos) bigakura mu gihe cy’ibyumweru bike nta mbeba y’ingore ibatwitiyemo. Ariko iyo ntambwe ntiyigeze igerwaho ku rwego rwa muntu.

U Bushinwa bwo buvuga ko bugeze ku rwego rwo hejuru kurusha ahandi hose, kuko ubu bushakashatsi bwabo bumaze kugera aho bashobora gukora igerageza ryo gushyira embryo y’umuntu muri robot mu gihe kitarambiranye, n’ubwo bavuga ko hakiri imbogamizi nyinshi zijyanye n’amategeko n’ubuzima bw’umwana.

AHANTU HABIRI H’UBUZIMA: ICYIZERE N’IMPUNGEGE

Iyo usesenguye neza, iki gitekerezo cyerekana uburyo ubumenyi bushobora kuba umucyo n’icuraburindi icyarimwe.

1. Icyizere:
   • Gufasha imiryango idashobora kubyara.
   • Gukemura ikibazo cy’uburumbuke buke mu bihugu bikomeje gusaza.
   • Gushobora gukiza ubuzima bw’abagore bafite inda z’ibibazo bikomeye.
2. Impungenge:
   • Ihohoterwa rishobora gukorwa n’abantu bafite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura abavuka.
   • Gutakaza agaciro k’umubano w’umubyeyi n’umwana mu gihe cyo gutwita.
   • Ibibazo by’amategeko: kumenya se cyangwa nyina by’ukuri.
   • Ibyago byo gukoresha ubuzima nk’icyuma cy’ikoranabuhanga.

ABANYARWANDA BABIBONA BATE?

N’ubwo ubu bushakashatsi bukorerwa mu Bushinwa, inzira y’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ry’isi yose irimo gutuma n’Abanyarwanda n’abandi baturage b’Afurika batangira kubiganiraho. Mu kiganiro twagiranye n’impuguke mu by’ubuzima n’imibanire mu Rwanda, Bwana Mugisha Jean Pierre yagize ati:

“Niba koko bishoboka, bizaba ari ibintu by’akataraboneka. Ariko ku ruhande rwacu, tugomba no kwibaza ku mico n’imyemerere yacu. Umwana mu muco wacu akomoka ku mubyeyi. Ese tuzakira dute umwana utavukiye mu nda y’umubyeyi?”

UBUSHINWA NTIBWITAYE KU MIBABARO Y’ABANDI

Hari abavuga ko U Bushinwa bushobora kuba bushyira imbere inyungu zabwo za politiki n’ubukungu kuruta uko buhangayikishijwe n’impungenge za muntu. Mu gihugu aho ubuyobozi bukomeye bukunda kugaragaza ko bushaka kuba imbere mu isi mu bumenyi, bushoboka ko robot zishobora gutwitira abantu zizaba igikoresho cyo kwerekana imbaraga z’igihugu ku ruhando rw’isi.

AHO TUGEZE

Nta gushidikanya ko iki gitekerezo cya robot gishobora gutwitira umuntu kugeza umwana avutse kizakomeza kuba inkuru ikomeye mu minsi, amezi n’imyaka iri imbere.

Kugeza ubu, U Bushinwa ntiburatangaza igihe nyacyo iyi robot izageragezwa ku bantu cyangwa igihe izashyirwa ku isoko, ariko abashakashatsi baravuga ko mu myaka 10 iri imbere bishobora kuba impamo.

Ese isi izakira neza ko umwana yavuka atwitiwe na robot? Ese amadini, amategeko n’imibanire ya muntu bizabyakira gute? Ese ibi bizaba igisubizo ku mibereho mishya y’abatuye isi cyangwa se bizaba imbarutso y’andi makimbirane n’impaka ndengamupaka?

Ibyo byose bizasubizwa n’igihe, ariko ikigaragara ni uko ubumenyi bukomeje gusunika imipaka y’ibyashobokaga, bugasiga abantu bibaza niba koko umuntu agishoboye kugenga ibihe byose by’ubuzima bwe, cyangwa niba ikoranabuhanga rigiye kumutwara ahantu atari yiteguye kugera.