Uvira na Kalemie uduce dufatiye runini ubukungu bw’Uburundi.

Uvira na Kalemie uduce dufatiye runini ubukungu bw’Uburundi.

Uvira

Aho iherereye: Uvira ni umujyi uri mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo (Sud-Kivu), mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, ku nkombe z’ikiyaga Tanganyika. Uhera bugufi n’umupaka wa Gatumba uva i Bujumbura mu Burundi.

 

Mu mateka: Uvira yabaye inzira y’ingenzi y’ubuhahirane hagati y’abanyamulenge, abavira, n’abaturage b’u Burundi kuva na mbere y’ubukoloni. Abaturage b’i Burundi bajyaga kuhacururiza, bagaha agaciro ubuhahirane ku mazi.

 

Mu ntambara: Uvira yabaye ikibuga cy’imirwano kuva mu 1996 ubwo hatangiraga intambara za Congo (zizwi nka “African World Wars”). Inyeshyamba zitandukanye zagiye ziyifata, harimo RCD-Goma, CNDP, n’indi mitwe.

 

Ikibazo cy’imyirondoro: Hari intambara zikomoka ku bwoko n’ubwenegihugu, aho abaturage bamwe b’abanyamulenge bafatwa nk’abashyitsi cyangwa batari “abanyekongo kavukire”, bikabyara amakimbirane akomeye. Ibi byatumye Uvira ihora mu mutekano mucye, bikagira ingaruka no ku Burundi.

 

Kalemie

Aho iherereye: Kalemie iherereye mu Ntara ya Tanganyika, ku nkombe y’iburasirazuba y’ikiyaga Tanganyika, hafi n’imbibi za Zambia. Ni icyambu gikomeye ku bucuruzi hagati ya Congo, u Burundi, Tanzania, na Zambia.

 

Amateka: Yahoze yitwa Albertville mu gihe cy’ubukoloni bw’ababiligi. Kalemie yabaye icyicaro cy’Ingabo za Loni (MONUC, nyuma MONUSCO) mu karere ka Tanganyika, izwi cyane mu kugarura amahoro.

 

Uko ifitanye isano n’u Burundi: Kalemie isangiye umuyoboro w’ubwikorezi n’u Burundi, binyuze mu bwato bukoresha ikiyaga Tanganyika. Ibi byagize Kalemie umuyoboro ukomeye w’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibiribwa bijya mu Burundi.

 

Umubano wa Dipolomasi: RDC & u Burundi

Ubushuti bushingiye ku mateka

RDC n’u Burundi bisangiye byinshi: inkomoko y’Ururimi (Igifaransa), ubukoloni bw’ababiligi, imyemerere, ubuhahirane n’imiryango ishyigikira ubumwe bw’Afurika (COMESA, CEPGL, ICGLR, EAC).

 

Abaturage b’ibi bihugu barahahirana cyane. Abacuruzi bo muri Kivu bajya mu masoko ya Bujumbura, Abanyaburundi na bo bacururiza i Buvira, ku cyambu cya Kalemie, n’ahandi.

 

Umutekano: isano itajya ijya hasi

U Burundi bwagiye bushinjwa na RDC kwakira cyangwa gushyigikira inyeshyamba zirwanya Kinshasa, by’umwihariko mu bihe bya Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Ku rundi ruhande, u Burundi na bwo bwashinjaga RDC gukingira ikibaba imitwe y’iterabwoba nka FNL.

 

Muri 2021–2024, ubushyamirane bwaragarutse ubwo imitwe yitwaje intwaro yavaga muri Kongo yinjiraga ku butaka bw’u Burundi, igatera abaturage mu Ntara ya Cibitoke n’iyindi.

 

Gusa, kuva muri 2023, hasinywe amasezerano y’imikoranire y’igisirikare, kandi u Burundi butangira kohereza ingabo mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo binyuze muri EAC Regional Force.

 

Ubukungu: ibyambu n’ibiraro

Icyambu cya Bujumbura ni cyo kibangikanye cyane n’icya Kalemie. Akenshi ibicuruzwa bigana ku isoko ryo muri RDC, biruhukira i Bujumbura mbere yo gukomeza.

 

U Burundi bushishikariza RDC gushyiraho zone franche (akarere kaboherezwamo ibicuruzwa ku biciro byoroshye) i Kalemie na Uvira, bigafasha koroshya ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.

 

Ibihugu byombi bikomeje gusinya amasezerano arimo:

 

Transit agreement: gukoresha imihanda n’icyambu by’ibihugu byombi.

 

Electricité et Énergie agreements: gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ahuriweho mu turere duhana imbibi.

 

Interconnexion ferroviaire: gukomeza umuyoboro wa gari ya moshi uva Tanzania ukagera i Kalemie, ukagaburira isoko ry’u Burundi.

 

Diplomasi y’ubuhahirane

Perezida Evariste Ndayishimiye na Félix Tshisekedi bagiye bagirana ibiganiro bya kenshi, birimo no kwitabira inama za CIRGL na EAC. U Burundi bufite uruhare mu ntambara yo muri RDC.

 

Mu 2024, u Burundi bwatangije gahunda yiswe “Diplomasi y’ubucuti n’ubucuruzi”, igamije gufata RDC nk’umufatanyabikorwa w’igihe kirekire, aho ibihugu byombi byubakira ku mutekano n’iterambere rusange.

 

Uvira na Kalemie si ahantu gusa. Ni ibice by’ingenzi mu mibanire, umutekano n’icyerekezo cy’u Burundi. Kubisuzugura cyangwa kubivamo, ni ukwiyambura amahirwe u Burundi bufite mu kuba mu bihugu byiyubaka kandi byihagazeho mu karere.

 

Uvira na Kalemie: Intwaro y’ubusugire n’iterambere ry’u Burundi mu karere

Ku gihe cy’ihungabana rikomeje mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, amajwi akomeje kuzamuka asaba Leta y’u Burundi kutarambirwa kurengera inyungu zayo muri teritwari za Uvira na Kalemie. Abasesenguzi b’umutekano, ubukungu na dipolomasi babona ko kutitaho cyangwa kutagira ijambo muri utu turere bishobora kuba akaga gakomeye ku gihugu cyose.

 

Uvira: Urukuta rukingira u Burundi

Uvira, umujyi ubangikanye n’ikiyaga Tanganyika, ni agace gafite akamaro kadasanzwe ku mutekano w’u Burundi, cyane cyane ku gace k’uburengerazuba harimo Intara ya Rumonge, Makamba ndetse na Bujumbura.

 

Inyungu z’ubukungu: Uvira nk’irembo ry’ubucuruzi n’ibikoresho fatizo

U Burundi, igihugu kidafite inyanja, gishingira ku byambu bikomeye biri ku kiyaga Tanganyika. Muri byo, Uvira ni ihuriro rikomeye ry’amabuye y’agaciro aturuka muri Kivu, cyane cyane zahabu, coltan, cassitérite na cobalt, bikanyuzwa ku cyambu cya Bujumbura mbere yo kwambuka berekeza Tanzania n’ahandi.

 

Iyo u Burundi butakaje Uvira, icyambu cya Bujumbura gitakaza uburemere bwacyo, maze igihugu kigahinduka imbata y’ibiciro biri hejuru n’inzira ndende z’ibindi byambu nk’i Dar es Salaam na Mombasa.

 

Uvira na Kalemie: Inkingi za dipolomasi nshya y’akarere

Mu gihe ibihugu bikomeye nk’u Bushinwa, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika n’u Burusiya birimo gushora imari no gukaza umurego mu karere k’Afurika y’Ibiyaga Bigari, Uvira na Kalemie ifite uruhare kuri buri gihugu mu miyoborere y’akarere.

 

Uburundi bufite amahirwe adasanzwe yo kugendera ku geopolitiki nshya y’akarere, butanga umusanzu mu kugarura umutekano no gufatanya na Kongo mu gucunga umutungo kamere. Ibyo bishobora kubuhesha ijambo mu biganiro mpuzamahanga bihuza ibihugu byo mu karere hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa bo hanze.

 

Uburundi bushobora kuba ikiraro gihuza umutungo wa Congo n’isoko mpuzamahanga, binyuze mu bukungu bushingiye ku mazi, umutekano n’ibikorwaremezo. Bikaba ariyo mpamvu burwana nk’ubwiyahura mu ntambara ihuza Leta ya Kongo n’inyeshyamba za M23.

 

Uvira na Kalemie ntibIkwiye gufatwa nk’uturere two ku ruhande. Ahubwo ni ishingiro ry’ubukungu n’icyerekezo cy’igihugu cy’Uburundi. Iyo ibyo bice bifashwe n’abandi bafite imigambi y’inyungu zabo bwite, u Burundi burahomba ku mutekano, ku bukungu no ku bwisanzure bwo guhitamo icyabwo.