RDC:Tumenye inkomoko y’umutwe wa M23 n’abawugize.

Umutwe wa m23 bisobanura itariki 23 z’ukwezi kwa Gatatu ,ibi byavuye m’ururimi rw’igifaransa 23 Mars, ni umutwe wavutse ukomotse ku masezerano yasinywe hagati y’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Joseph Kabila Kabange n’abahoze mu barwanyi b’umutwe wa CNDP(Congres National Pour la Defense du Peuple) mu mwaka wa 2009 ,ayo masezerano akaba yarasinywe tariki ya 23 Werurwe 2009 ariko akaba atarubahirijwe bituma havuka umutwe witiriwe itariki ayo masezerano yari yasinyiweho.

Nubwo tuvugako uyu mutwe wa M23 ukomoka ku masezerano y’itariki 23 Werurwe 2009,bigaragara neza ko inkomoko nyayo y’uyu mutwe iri mu mateka y’intambara nyinshi zibera m’Uburasirazuba bwa Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo zimaze imyaka irenga mirongo itatu(30),ariko mu buryo bwo gusobanukirwa neza niyi ntambara twasubira inyuma nibura imyaka 140 ishize,tugahera ku nama yabaye tariki 15 Ugushyingo 1884 yagejeje tariki ya 26 Gashyantare 1885 yateraniye mu murwa mukuru w’igihugu cy’u Budage ,iyo nama ikaba yari ihuje ibihugu byari ibihangange icyo gihe bigera muri cumi na bine(14)  byari bigamije kwigarurira umugabane wa Afurika kandi koko icyo gihe barabyemeranyije maze barayigabangana.

Iki gihe niho hashyizweho amahame nibi bihugu maze batangira ikiswe Ubukoroni kuri Afurika,igitangaje iyi nama yarebaga Afurika nta munyafurika numwe wari uyirimo kandi aribo yarebaga, ibi bihugu byamaze kwemeranya uko bitera imirwi ibhugu bya Afurika byarayigabanganye bititaye kuhazaza habaturage bari muribyo bihugu bagabanganaga,ntibita ku mibereho yabo ndetse n’imibanire byabo,ntibise kuho bari batuye cyangwa ngo bite kubo bafitanye amasano.

Mu guca imipaka igena ibihugu ntibitaye ku buryo abaturage babanaga ndetse ngo bite no ku nkomoko yabo ,hari abaturage b’abanyarwanda bakatiweho umuronko maze batandukanywa n’abavandimwe babo bajyanwa mu bindi bihugu aribyo Tanzaniya,Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ,Uganda,n’Uburundi nuko bino bihugu byagize abaturage bavuga ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda .

Abaturage bavuga ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda bisanze muri Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo bakigerayo batangiye guhura n’ingorane, iki gihugu kibonye ubwigenge mu mwaka 1960 tariki ya 30 Kamena nabo bahise babona ubwenegihugu bwa Congo mu buryo bwuzuye.

Mu mwaka 1982 havutse ihuriro ry’abaturage ba Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo iryo huriro rikaba ryari rigizwe nabo mu bwoko bw’Abahutu ryitwa Ubwisunganebw’Abahinzi bo muri Virunga(Mutuelle des agriculteurs des Virunga)  mu mpine ni MAGRIV,nta wundi muturage utari umuhutu wari wemerewe kurijyamo.

Magriv ikimara kuvuka yakoranye n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyalimana Juvenal wayoboraga u Rwanda ndetse n’abategetsi bakuru mu gisirikare cya RDC batangira kwimakaza ivangura aho abaturage ba RDC bakomoka mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi batangiye gutotezwa nkuko byakorwaga mu Rwanda uhereye mu mwaka 1959.

Mu mwaka 1990 uwari Pertezida wa RDC Mobutu Sese Seko yayihinduriye izina ayita Zayire yatangije icyo yise inzira nshya ya demokarasi,icyo cyatumye hongera kuzamuka inkubiri y’ivangura rishingiye ku moko,maze abanyekongo bavuga ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda baribasirwa ku buryo banangiwe kuba bakitabira inama Mobutu yakoresheje,mucyo bitaga kuvugurura amahame ya Demokarasi mu gihugu cye,yiswe conference nationale souveraine.

Abaturage bavugaga ikinyarwanda babwirwaga ko ubwenegihugu bwabo bushidikanywaho(nationalite douteuse).

Imyaka uko yahitaga abanyekongo bavuga ikinyarwanda niko ihohoterwa kuribo ryiyongeraga kandi bakibasirwa n’ubugizi bwa nabi.

 

Mu mwaka 1993 mu kwezi kwa Werurwe ,abari batuye muri kivu y’Amajyaruguru,bavuga ikinyarwanda batangiye guterwa na bagenzi babo  bo yandi moko y’abanyekongo yitwaga Zayire yicyo gihe.

Ibitero bikaze byatangiye mu kwezi kwa Gatatu 1993 muri teritwari ya Walikale nyuma y’ijambo rya rutwitsi ryavuzwe n’uwari wungirije guverineri w’intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru,ryabaye imbarutso yubwo bwicanyi,ibi bitero byahitanye abantu ibihumbi 7,abagera ku bihumbi 300 barahunze.

Kuva mu mwaka 1993 imibanire y’Abanyekongo bavuga ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda nandi moko yahise iba mibi,ariko iza kuba mibi cyane guhera mu kwezi kwa Karindwi mu mwaka 1994,ubwo Abanyarwanda bahungaga ari benshi bajya muri RDC.

Izo mpunzi zahamagariye Abahutu b’Abanyekongo kwitandukanya n’abatutsi bari basanzwe babana ,icyo gihe abahutu bahise bifatanya n’umutwe wa Mai Mai ,Bahunde,Banyanga maze bibasira Abatutsi b’Abanyekongo.

Leta ya Mobutu yohereje muri ako gace ingabo zo kugarura ituze mucyo bise operation Mbata ariko aho kubikora ahubwo zifatanya n’abaturage b’ayo moko atandukanye zibafasha kurushaho gutoteza Abatutsi.

Icyo gihe Roberto Garreton wari intumwa yihariye ya komisiyo ya Loni y’Uburenganzira bwa muntu wanyuze muri ako karere ,yavuze ko ibyari birimo kuba ari ivangura riri gukorerwa Abanyarwanda hashingiwe ku nkomoko y’abakurambere babo babaziza ko atari Abazayirwa b’inkomoko n’ubwo ubwenegihugu bwabo bwari bwaremejwe 1961 na 1981.

Uyu komiseri yasobanuye ko kubera iryo vangura abo banyarwanda birukanywe bakoherezwa mu bihugu byo hanze.

Amakimbirane ndengakamere yavutse nyuma yuko ingabo zari iza Habyalimana Juvenal zihungiye muri RDC hamwe n’interahamwe zishinga imitwe yari igamije gutera u Rwanda ,habanza umutwe witwa RDR waje guhindukamo ALIR1 na ALIR2 byaje kubyara umutwe wa FDLR .

Nubwo iyo mitwe yahinduraga amazina intego yayo yari imwe yo gutera u Rwanda,no gukomeza umugambi mubisha wa jenoside.

Mu mwaka 1996 Abanyekongo benshi by’umwihariko abavuga Ikinyarwanda bibumbiye hamwe mu cyo bise L’Alliance des forces democratiques pour la liberation du Congo AFDL bayobowe na Laurent Desire Kabila .maze bashoza intambara yaje guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu Sese Seko.

Abanyekongo benshi by’umwihariko abavuga ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda bari barafashije Laurent Desire Kabila guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu bariruhukije,bibwira ko noneho baba bagiye guhabwa agaciro iwabo no kugira uburenganzira nk’ubw’abandi Banyekongo ,icyo cyizere ariko nticyatinze kuyoyoka.

Perezida Laurent Desire Kabila ageze ku butegetsi yarabahindutse maze bituma havuka umutwe wa RCD (Rassemblement Congolais pour la Democratie),urwanya ubutegetsi bwa Laurent Desire Kabila.

Iyo ntambara itangiye Kabila yahise asanga ya mitwe y’Abanyarwanda bahigiraga guhirika ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda  abasaba kumufasha guhangana na RCD nuko abahuriza hamwe mu kigo ahitwa i Kamina ,cyakora bamwe muribo batawe muri yombi bajyanwa Arusha kuburanishwa ku byaha bya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nka gen Gratian Kabirigi wari ushinzwe ibikorwa bya gisirikare ni nabwo iyi mitwe yashyizwe k’urutonde rw’imitwe y’iterabwoba,nyuma yuko wishe abakerarugendo muri parike ya Rwindi muri Uganda.Ni nabwo wahinduye izina bava kuri ALIR biyita FDLR(Front democratique pour la liberation du Rwanda).

Mumwaka wa 2001 Laurent Desire Kabila wakoranaga n’umutwe wa FDLR,yaje kwicwa asimburwa n’umuhungu we Joseph Kabila Kabange.

Hagati aho ariko uko ya ntambara y’Abanyekongo bavuga Ikinyarwanda bari bibumbiye muri RCD yakomezaga haje kuvuka undi mutwe nawo warwanyaga leta ya Kabila wo witwaga MLC (Mouvement de liberation du Congo0 wari washinzwe na Jean Pierre Bemba.

Mu gushakisha umuti w’iyo ntambara haje kuba imishyikirano ya Sun City na Pretoria muri Afurika Y’Epfo ,kimwe mubyo bemeranyijeho cyari ukurangiza intambara no kuvanga ingabo.

Nibwo icyo gihe ingabo zari iza MLC niza RCD zagombaga guhurizwa hamwe n’izari ingabo za Forces Armees Congolaises maze bagakora ingabo zimwe z’igihugu zikitwa forces Armees de la Republique Democratique du Congo (FARDC).

Nyuma y’icyo cyemezo cyo guhuza ingabo ariko bamwe mu basirikare ba wa mutwe wa RCD banze kujya mu ngabo za leta ,bavuga ko icyari cyaratumye bafata intwaro bakarwanya leta ya Laurent Desire Kabila kitari cyaraganiriweho muri biriya biganiro bya Sun City na Pretoria muri Afurika Y’Epfo.

Aba barwanyi aho kujya muri FARDC batangije undi mutwe w’inyeshyamba bawita CNDP(Congres national pour la defense du Peuple)wayoborwaga na Gen Laurent Nkunda.

Uyu mutwe wa CNDP wavugaga ko warwaniraga kugarura umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo Kinshasa no guhashya umutwe w’iterabwoba wa FDLR kugira ngo Abanyekongo bari barameneshejwe iwabo batahuke.

Tariki ya 23Werurwe 2009 ,nibwo umutwe wa CNDP wasinyanye amasezerano na leta ya Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo ,yagombaga gutuma CNDP  binjizwa mu ngabo za leta maze intambara ikarangira.

Tariki ya 6/05/2012 bamwe mu basirikare ba CNDP bari barinjijwe mu gisirikare cya FARDC barivumbuye bashinja leta yabo guha akato abasirikare bavuga Ikinyarwanda bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi no kutubahiriza amasezerano yasinywe tariki 23/03/2009,ubwo bakoraga umutwe usaba ko ayo masezerano ya 2009 yubahirizwa agahabwa agaciro kayo.

Uwo mutwe bawise M23 ,iyo tariki ikavuga ukwezi amasezerano yasinyiweho ariko kwa Gatatu .Mars mu gifaransa,23 ikaba itariki amasezerano yasinyiweho 2009.

Abarwanyi buwo mutwe mushya wa m23 bahereye mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo Kinshasa birukanye ingabo za Leta  bigarurira igice kinini cy’intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.

Mu kwezi kwa 11/2013 uwo mutwe wafashe umujyi wa Goma ariko nyuma y’iminsi mikeya mu kwezi kwa 12/2013 uwo mutwe uva muri uwo mujyi,binyuze ku gitutu cy’umuryango Mpuzamahanga.

Icyo gihe akanama k’umutekano ka Loni katoye umwanzuro 2098 wavugaga ko hashyizweho umutwe udasanzwe wo kurwanya m23 na FDLR.

Uwo mutwe wari ufite inshingano zo kurwanya iyo mitwe yombi umutwe wa m23 n’umutwe wa FDLR

Uwo mutwe w’ingabo za Loni ariko warwanyije gusa umutwe wa M23 naho FDLR urayihorera,ni uko na n’ubu FDLR ikibereye muri RDC  ifatanyije n’ingabo za FARDC.

Nyuma yuko umutwe wa M23 utsinzwe n’uwo mutwe udasanzwe wa Loni ,abarwanyi ba m23 bahungiye mu bihugu birimo Uganda n’u Rwanda.

Abarwanyi buyu mutwe u Rwanda rwakiriye rwabambuye intwaro ndetse ruza no kuzishyikiriza Leta ya Kongo kinshasa,nyuma yo kubajyana kure y’umupaka nkuko amatgeko mpuzamahanga agenga impunzi abisaba.

Nyuma y’imyaka hafi icumi(10)uyu mutwe wa m23 wongeye kubura umutwe ,aho mu kwezi kwa Gatatu 2022 abarwanyi b’uyu mutwe ,igice cyari cyarahungiye muri Uganda bongeye kubura intwaro batera RDC binjiriye Bunagana,ku mupaka w’igihugu cya Uganda na RDC,ubu bakaba bamaze kwigarurira ibice byinshi byo mu Kivu zombi,ndetse n’imirwa mikuru y’intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo baramaze kuyigarurira .

Urugamba rukomeye mi urugamba rwabaye mu kwezi kwa mbere aho tariki ya 27/02/2025 umutwe wa m23 waryanye n’ingabo nyinshi zirimo ingabo za SAMIDRC,ingabo za FARDC,umutwe wa Wazalendo,umutwe wa FDLR ndetse n’abacanshuro bari barakomotse mu gihugu cya Romaniya ,maze uyu mutwe ukabasha kubanyanga umujyi wa Goma,bagafata mpiri ingabo nyinshi za FARDC,Igipolisi cya kongo ,ingabo z’Abarundi ,Abacashuro ndetse n’ingabo za SAMIDRC na FDLR urugamba rwo gufata umujyi wa Goma rukaba ruri muzigoye ku Isi gusobanukirwa aho umutwe witwaje intwaro udafite abasirikare bahembwa wabashije kunesha ibihumbi birenga ijana by’abasirikare kandi bafite ibikoresho bihagije.

Uyu mutwe ukaba waramaze no gushyiraho ubuyobozi mu bice byose wamaze kwigarurira ndetse ukaba warashyizeho na polisi .

ukaba utangiye kubaka imihanda n’amazu y’abaturage mu bice bagenzura ,ariko nubwo bimeze gutyo hakaba hagikorwa imishyikirano na guverinoma ya RDC ngo babashe kumvikana uburyo bakemura ibibazo bafitanye mu neza ,arikop nabwo buri ruhande rukaba rushinja urundi kutubahiuriza ibyo abahuza babasaba.